Human activity is a complex combination of various aspects, from the work of each cell of the body to the perception of the surrounding reality. The psyche is one of the components of the interaction of both the totality of all parts of the body, and its contact with external circumstances. Mental disorders are often mental diseases that require the use of special drugs, one of which is a drug called Chlorpromazine. Instructions, descriptions and analogues thereof will be discussed below.
Medications for the psyche
Science has been trying for a long time to find an opportunity to qualitatively help people suffering from mental disorders. In pharmacology, a group of drugs called antipsychotics is used, which includes the drug "Chlorpromazine". The instruction to it stipulates its pharmacological affiliation.
Antipsychotics - an extensive group of drugs based on various chemicals. These are derivatives of diphenylbutylpiperidine, butyrophenone, phenothiazine and some other compounds. As can be judged from the instructions and descriptions of Chlorpromazine, it is based on phenothiazine - an organic heterocyclic compound based on nitrogen and sulfur.
They learned how to obtain it artificially, and many derivatives of this substance are drugs. One of them is chlorpromazine, the name of the drug is named “Chlorpromazine hydrochloride”. The instructions for this drug are enclosed by the manufacturer in each package to familiarize the patient and the specialist with the properties of the drug.
Active substance
Many drugs are used to treat mental illness, some of which are part of the pharmacological group of antipsychotics. For example, the drug "Chlorpromazine". Instructions and descriptions of the substance will tell you what composition of the drug allows you to use it in the treatment of certain diseases. The active ingredient in this drug is the phenothiazine derivative - chlorpromazine. The substance itself is a white or pale cream shade of fine crystalline powder. It is easily soluble in water. The powder itself and its aqueous solutions quickly darken under the influence of light.
Pharmacological forms
Describes the instructions and composition, and pharmacological form for the drug "Chlorpromazine". This antipsychotic is available in the form of a solution for injection in 2 ml ampoules, with 25 mg of the active substance per ml. In Russian pharmacies, you can mainly buy chlorpromazine hydrochloride under the trade name "Aminazine". This drug is available both in the form of a solution for injection, and in the form of tablets.
How does the drug work?
Instructions for use tell all the important information for the specialist or patient about the drug "Chlorpromazine". The main principle of this medication is to block the central adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors, thereby achieving inhibition of conditioned reflex activity, primarily motor-defensive reflexes. Chlorpromazine reduces spontaneous motor activity, relaxes skeletal muscles, and reduces overall reactivity.
The peculiarity of this substance is that its use in the doses indicated by the doctor allows you to keep your mind clear, but large doses cause drowsiness, having a hypnotic effect. The drug depresses the effect on interoceptive reflexes, thereby contributing to the cessation of nausea, hiccups, vomiting, and has an antihistamine, m-anticholinergic and prolactinogenic effect.
The introduction of the drug "Chlorpromazine", especially if a person is artificially induced hypothermia, helps lower body temperature. Cases of fever after parenteral administration of the drug were recorded. also the medicinal substance has a small anti-inflammatory activity, helps to reduce vascular permeability, has a slight anti-allergic effect. When prescribing this drug, a specialist should take into account that it lowers both systolic and diastolic pressure due to inhibition of kinins, and can cause tachycardia.
A special difference of chlorpromazine, in comparison with many other antipsychotics, is its ability to exert an antipsychotic effect and at the same time to adjust the emotional response of the patient. The drug reduces psychomotor agitation, helps to stop fear, anxiety, delirium, hallucinations.
Pharmacokinetics of the drug
Chlorpromazine can be purchased in the dosage form of both tablets and injection. The tablets, getting into the gastrointestinal tract, dissolve, but the active component can be poorly absorbed into the blood, its maximum concentration will be reached after 2-4 hours. Injections give a much better effect, since the medicine immediately begins to work through the blood.
Up to 98% of the active component binds to blood proteins, due to which it penetrates into all tissues. The highest concentration of the drug is observed in the brain, however, the variability of pharmacokinetics can be different even in the same patient. The drug undergoes the so-called effect of the first passage through the liver, where the process of transformation into active and inactive metabolites takes place.
The therapeutic effect does not change with a change in the ratio of chlorpromazine and its metabolites. As the instruction says about the drug "Chlorpromazine", the half-life of the active substance from the body is 30 hours, but its metabolites leave the body for a longer time. Both chlorpromazine and its derivatives are excreted in the bile and urine.
In what cases is the drug recommended
All important information will be told about the antipsychotic "Chlorpromazine" instruction. Its analogs in the pharmaceutical group should be used for the same diseases of the psyche as the substance in question. These will be:
- withdrawal condition;
- Amnestic syndrome of organic origin, not associated with the intake of alcohol or psychoactive substances;
- pain syndrome (unspecified);
- Meniere's disease;
- insomnia;
- hallucinations;
- muscle hypertonicity;
- delirium;
- depression agitated;
- pruritic dermatosis;
- manic arousal with manic-depressive psychosis;
- paranoid conditions in the acute period;
- increase in muscle tone;
- alcohol psychosis;
- psychomotor agitation in schizophrenia;
- psychotic disorders;
- indomitable vomiting, including during pregnancy, during chemotherapy or radiation therapy;
- epileptic status.
Also, this drug can be used for sedation and enhance the effects of anesthesia. As the instructions for use say for the chlorpromazine hydrochloride drug, it is used as part of lytic mixtures to activate artificial hypothermia. The use of this drug should be prescribed by the attending physician, taking into account many features of the course of the established disease and the health status of the patient as a whole.
If the medicine should not be taken?
Important information for the doctor and the patient will be given instructions for use by the "Chlorpromazine" antipsychotic. Analogues of the drug, like himself, have quite strict contraindications to the appointment of therapy. These will be such diseases and pathological conditions of the body as:
- late-stage bronchiectasis;
- hypersensitivity;
- cholelithiasis;
- diseases of the spinal cord or brain systemic at the stage of progression;
- coma;
- urolithiasis disease;
- liver failure;
- renal failure;
- acute pyelitis;
- heart disease in the stage of decompensation;
- active rheumatism;
- thromboembolic syndrome;
- erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract;
Since chlorpromazine crosses the placental barrier, it is strictly forbidden to take it during pregnancy.
Undesirable effect of the drug
Like many other medicines, Chlorpromazine may have undesirable side effects. How they manifest depends on the method and the duration of its application. So, if the medicine enters the skin or mucous membranes, their irritation may appear, manifested by redness, itching. Intramuscular administration of the drug can cause the appearance of infiltrate, intravenous infusion threatens the development of thrombophlebitis.
It may also occur especially with prolonged use:
- agranulocytosis;
- hypotension with intravenous administration;
- with oral administration - dyspeptic disorders, manifested by constipation, nausea or vomiting;
- the development of a neuroleptic syndrome, the signs of which are akathisia, indifference, inhibition of reactions, parkinsonism;
- leukopenia.
In extremely rare cases, when using Chlorpromazine, jaundice, skin pigmentation, rash, edema, photosensitivity, and clouding of the lens of the eye were recorded.
Possible overdose
Talks about what the consequences of uncontrolled intake of the drug "Chlorpromazin" may be, instructions for use. If the tablets are not taken on schedule and in a dosage exceeding that prescribed by the doctor, then persistent hypotension may develop. Also, with an overdose, extrapyramidal disorders or the so-called antipsychotic syndrome appear, and body temperature decreases.
The patient may fall into a coma. If you do not stop taking the drug or do not reduce the dose, then after a while the patient develops toxic hepatitis. There is no specific antidote to chlorpromazine, so the treatment consists in discontinuing the drug and symptomatic assistance to the patient.
How to take the medicine?
When prescribing any drug, the doctor indicates both the dosage of each dose and the regimen by which the medicine must be taken. The instructions for use stipulate the use of the drug "Chlorpromazine". In ampoules, antipsychotics are administered both intravenously and intramuscularly. In most cases, the drug is administered intramuscularly 3 times a day. One injection contains a maximum of 0.15 mg of the active component, and the daily maximum amount of the drug should not be more than 0.6 mg.
Acute mental arousal may require intravenous administration of a drug in a dosage of 2.5% in an amount of 1 to 5 ml, dissolving the drug in 20 ml of glucose concentration of 40%. Such injections are put 2 times a day. If the patient is a child, then the dosage of the drug is significantly reduced - the maximum dosage for children should not exceed 0.2 g per day and depends on how many kilograms the child weighs. Young children - up to three years, as stipulated for the antipsychotic "Chlorpromazine" instruction, such treatment is not prescribed.
As for the use in the treatment of a particular disease of chlorpromazine in tablets, then in this case it is necessary to strictly follow the recommendations of the treating specialist. They are produced by manufacturers with different contents of the active component and only a doctor can determine the required amount for admission. the tablet form of the drug is prescribed only to adult patients.
Complex therapy
Quite often, it happens that a person needs treatment not with just one medicine, but with several. In this case, the specialist should provide for the possible interaction of drugs. For chlorpromazine-based preparations, the following should be considered:
- antacid drugs, as well as cimetidine, have a poor effect on the absorption of the drug, and after all, from the gastrointestinal tract, clompromazine is so badly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract;
- sleeping pills, analgesics, anesthetics, drugs or anticonvulsants, when taken together with chlorpromazine, receive additional stimulation and enhance their effect;
- taking this drug reduces the activity of cardiac glycosides;
- combined use with m-anticholinergics increases the anticholinergic effect of substances;
- the neuroleptic properties of chlorpromazine increase estrogens.
When the drug is administered intramuscularly or intravenously, it should in no case be mixed in the same syringe with any other medicinal substances.
Are there any similar drugs?
All the necessary information for the doctor and patient about the drug "Chlorpromazin" instructions for use. Analogs of this medicine should have the same effect and belong to the group of antipsychotics Synonyms "Khlopromazine" virtually none. These are just tablets and Aminazine injection solution and Chlopromazine hydrochloride injection solution. Moreover, in pharmacies in the vast majority of cases, it is Aminazine that is the most affordable form of drugs based on chlorpromazine.
As drugs of a similar effect, drugs based on substances such as haloperidol, chlorprotixen, thioridazine and others are used. Which drug should be taken in this or that case can only be decided by a specialist who observes the patient.
What do experts say about the drug?
To learn all the detailed information about the drug "Chlorpromazin" instructions and expert reviews. Doctors have been using this drug in practice for decades. In a hospital and on an outpatient basis, it helps patients with neurological disorders normalize and maintain their condition.
In psychiatric practice, the drug has proven to be a fast-acting agent used to treat the so-called violent patients. The medicine calms, making, as some say, more optimistic about the surrounding reality. Experts note that side effects when taking the drug occur quite often, but this requires a dose adjustment, drug withdrawal based on chlorpromazine occurs in rare cases.
To obtain a stable effect with positive dynamics in the patient’s condition, this medicine must be taken with a course that in some cases can last more than one month. The general opinion of most experts is that Chlorpromazine is an effective medicine, which in many cases gives a stable positive result of treatment.
Patient feedback
For many patients or relatives of sick people, the main source of information is the instruction for the drug "Chlorpromazine". From it you can find out what works in the drug, how to properly take pills or injections. Patients leave a variety of responses about this medicine. Someone thanks him for his effective help in treating some mental illnesses. the drug helps someone cope with nausea and vomiting that occur for certain reasons.
Some, on the contrary, leave very negative feedback, because the drug causes drowsiness, fatigue and a constant feeling of fatigue. individual characteristics of the body of each patient, the course of the disease, concomitant pathologies of the state of human health, as well as drugs and techniques used in complex therapy play their role here.
All antipsychotics are prescription drugs. One of the antipsychotics Chlorpromazin, which is in demand in psychiatric practice, whose instructions, composition and analogues were discussed above, cannot be taken without special indications for health reasons and without the recommendation of the attending physician. The drug has several decades in its history and has opposite responses from patients. Experts consider it a popular drug for the treatment of many mental illnesses, as well as some pathological diseases.