Sinusitis is a common disease in adults and children. Its essence lies in the fact that there is a defeat of the maxillary sinuses. The disease is provoked by many factors that are taken into account when making the correct diagnosis. What are the causes of catarrhal sinusitis, its symptoms and treatment methods, read the article.
Definition
Catarrhal sinusitis is a disease caused by an inflammatory process that occurs in the sinuses of the upper jaws, as a result of which the nasal mucosa swells and the lumen narrows, through which the mucus naturally secretes. This is the wrong process. Mucus cannot go outside freely, but it needs to go somewhere, so it begins to accumulate in the region of the maxillary sinuses. This contributes to the activation of inflammation and its rapid development.
Who is prone to sinusitis?
There are risk groups that include certain categories of people:
- These are newborns who sharply react to any changes in the indoor microclimate.
- Patients with a chronic form of allergic rhinitis.
- People prone to frequent ENT diseases.
- Patients who underwent operations related to the nose: curvature of the septum, rhinoplasty and others.
- Patients who have problems with the upper respiratory tract. They have chronic diseases in this area.
- People with pathologies in the field of dentistry.
Classification
Catarrhal sinusitis occurs:
- One-sided - there are pains in the maxillary sinus on the right or left side. The disease affects 80% of the population, but it is easily diagnosed.
- Two-sided - there are pains in the maxillary sinuses on both sides. Treatment should be started immediately, otherwise there will be a complication.
- According to the duration and severity of symptoms, sinusitis is of three types:
- Subacute - this disease is similar to a common cold, so many patients avoid visits to a medical institution, they believe that they do not need medical help. A runny nose lasts a long time: three weeks or even a month. Timely access to a doctor is the key to a complete recovery.
- Acute catarrhal sinusitis - this form of the disease occurs when a period of various infections occurs. Its duration is from two weeks to one month. Symptoms are similar to the previous form, only more pronounced.
- Chronic is the most dangerous form of the disease. The maxillary sinuses (purulent form of the disease) are completely filled with pus. Patients can not do without drops in the nose.
The disease in acute form begins unexpectedly and also goes away, but in chronic it has the ability to recur. A person constantly lives with a stuffy nose.
Catarrhal sinusitis: symptoms and treatment
The occurrence of sinusitis is associated with acute respiratory infections. After some time, symptoms of catarrhal sinusitis appear. If one of them is found, consult a doctor.
- The person begins to have severe pain in the forehead and nose, which is also accompanied by pain in the head. This is especially noticeable during the torso. In the morning, pain does not occur, they intensify later.
- A light fluid is released from the nose. If it becomes yellow or green, this is a sign of the development of purulent, bilateral sinusitis.
- The nose does not breathe.
- At night, the cough worries, as the mucus enters the throat, it flows down its back wall.
- There is a likelihood of frontal sinusitis. This is dangerous, since the membranes of the brain that are located near the sinus wall on the inside are affected.
Catarrhal sinusitis in children
This disease is often found in children, especially young children and preschoolers. Many parents attribute any common cold or viral infection to sinusitis. But in many cases this is a vain alarm. Only a specialist can make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe treatment. In order not to sound the alarm in vain, you should know the anatomical feature of the development of the sinus in the upper jaw in children.
The skull in structure in adults and young children is different. Until the age of three, the maxillary sinus in children is located higher. In infants, it looks like a narrow gap. In the process of the baby’s growth, it increases and begins to acquire a shape characteristic of the sinus. Only by the age of 16 adolescent sinusitis develops in the same way as in an adult. The maxillary sinus changes its shape by three to four years of a child’s life, so before that you need not think about sinusitis.
Children have increased demands on the quality of inhaled air. They have not yet fully formed sinuses, so they can not yet cope with their functions in full. Any changes of a negative nature in the environment of children lead to the fact that their noses do not breathe, they are blocked.
Given that the children's body is characterized by reactivity, even a simple runny nose can cause changes in the sinus. Experts believe that in children without sinusitis there is no rhinitis. But it should be borne in mind that this disease can be of various forms. Some require treatment, while others themselves go along with a cold.
The main cause of the disease in children is viral infections. Rarely enough, sinusitis develops due to injuries, pathologies of the jaw, and disorders associated with endocrinology. In children, the disease proceeds without purulent formations, this is a catarrhal form. No treatment is needed. An adult child may develop purulent sinusitis. Be sure to do a full examination, establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment. This can only be done by a doctor. On the traditional and folk treatment of sinusitis, see the article below.
Drug therapy
If it was not possible to prevent catarrhal sinusitis, the treatment prescribed by the doctor guarantees success in recovery. The main thing is not to start the disease. Drug treatment is carried out with the following drugs:
- Drops for the nose, narrowing blood vessels. They are based on oxymetazoline, xylometazoline. These are drugs such as Rinazolin, Galazolin and others. With their help, edema is removed and breathing is restored. It is important to know that one remedy can only be used for five days, otherwise addiction occurs.
- Antibiotics - they are prescribed by the doctor in the event that the disease is severe, that is, catarrhal sinusitis can turn into purulent. The treatment is carried out with the drugs: “Cefazolin”, “Sumamed”, “Macropen”. They are also prescribed in the case when during the diagnosis the doctor found that the disease arose as a result of bacteria entering the nasal mucosa.
- Antipyretic - these funds must be taken at high temperature, for example, Ibuprofen.
- Solutions to rinse the nose. This procedure is done with antiseptic agents, for example, Miramistin or Dioxidine. The nose is well washed with saline solutions prepared in a pharmacy, for example, “No-salt”.
- Antihistamines - these drugs are designed to relieve swelling. These include: "Suprastin", "Loratadin."
Physiotherapy treatment
Such therapy is indicated after the patient undergoes a full course of drug treatment.
- UHF is the effect of ultra-high frequencies on the affected areas. The treatment consists in improving the permeability of capillaries due to the electromagnetic field. The patient should undergo 5-8 sessions.
- UFO - treatment in this form is intended to strengthen local immunity, since the human body itself must fight against pathogenic bacteria that get into the nose. Five to ten procedures need to be done.
- Electrophoresis - relieves inflammation and improves blood circulation in the nasal mucosa. Sessions are held three weeks every other day.
- Magnetotherapy - such procedures are necessary to relieve swelling and improve the outflow of mucus from the sinuses. In addition, the effect of drug treatment is enhanced. One course lasts 10 sessions.
- Ultrasound therapy - thanks to this procedure, metabolic processes in the body are accelerated, pain is reduced. The course lasts 10 treatments.
Treatment with folk remedies
This method helps to get rid of sinusitis, if you know how to do it. For example, you can not use warm compresses on the nose if the disease is purulent. In such an environment, bacteria will multiply faster. The following article provides examples of the preparation of some solutions, tinctures, which are used to treat sinusitis folk healers.
Infusion of herbs for washing the nose
In traditional medicine, chamomile and calendula are used. These herbs are excellent antiseptics, they destroy harmful bacteria. In addition, relieve inflammation and pain. To prepare an infusion of medicinal herbs, you need to fill them with boiling water, let it brew until it cools. Then the solution is drawn into a pipette and a nose is instilled into it, five drops into each nostril. To the concentration of infusion was normal, take one part of the herbs and the same amount of boiling water.
Saline solution
This is the most affordable nose wash. The solution is prepared in two ways:
- You need to take a glass of distilled water, table salt (1-2 small spoons), iodine - three drops. Mix everything and apply four to six times a day.
- Sea salt is used. It is easy to buy at any store. The solution is prepared and applied in the same way as the previous one.
Beetroot Juice
Its use in traditional medicine gives positive results in the treatment of sinusitis of any form. Juice is an antibacterial and thinning agent. Its use helps to eliminate mucus from the nose. Juice is prepared easily. Fresh beets are rubbed on a grater and liquid is squeezed out of it. You can bury your nose throughout the day at intervals of two to three hours.
Prevention
Weakened immunity, hypothermia due to the cold season, acute respiratory infections are all risk factors in which the spread of bilateral catarrhal sinusitis occurs. For preventive purposes, you need to avoid them.
In addition, in order not to become infected with viral infections, you need to limit your stay in public places during the epidemic. Daily walks and the use of vitamin-rich foods will benefit. Going outside, do not forget about oxolinic ointment, which should lubricate the nose inside. Arriving home, you need to rinse it.