There is an intermediate section between the stomach and intestines, which quite often can be infected. As a result, an ailment such as duodenitis develops. This disease is rarely found as an independent pathology, most often it occurs against a background of pancreatitis, cholecystitis, colitis, gastritis and other disorders.
Definition
Malaise is observed at least once in every tenth person and is an inflammation of the mucosa of the duodenum 12. It has no age restrictions, but is quite rare in children. Although gastroenterologists noted that males are most often affected by duodenitis.
Only a qualified specialist can make a correct diagnosis after a series of laboratory and instrumental studies are performed. Therapy directly depends on the course of the disease, but preference is given to conservative methods, which include observing a sparing diet and taking medications. Surgery is required only in the most severe cases.
Causes
Most often, inflammation of the duodenum 12 occurs as a concomitant disease. Usually it appears against the background of another intestinal disorder, namely:
- dyspepsia - discomfort in the stomach after eating;
- cholecystitis - inflammation of the gallbladder;
- acute hepatitis due to viral infection;
- peptic ulcer - lesions of the membrane of the small intestine and stomach;
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - ulcerogenic pancreatic adenoma;
- diarrhea - a chronic disorder;
- gastritis - inflammation of the mucosa.
Significant stress, which is caused by a serious infection or surgery, also contributes to the appearance of duodenitis. Nonsteroidal drugs can often provoke inflammation of the duodenum 12.
Types
Classify an ailment according to several criteria:
1. The course of the disease:
- acute - occurs unexpectedly and does not last long, in which case all the symptoms will go away very acutely;
- chronic - the disorder persists for a long period, most often does not manifest itself in pain syndromes, sometimes it can make unpleasant, uncomfortable sensations aware of itself.
2. Degree of damage:
- erosive - erosion and wounds appear on the basis of the intestine;
- superficial - only inflammation is present.
3. Place of education:
- bulbar - the focus is located near the bulb of the duodenum;
- postbulbar - settles in the depths.
Symptoms
In order for a person to be able to independently diagnose that he has duodenitis, it is necessary to pay attention to certain signs:
- aching and prolonged pain in the upper abdomen, which most often occur on an empty stomach;
- bloating and fullness of the intestines;
- burping food, usually immediately after a meal;
- nausea, sometimes vomiting mixed with bile;
- lack of appetite;
- heartburn.
If there is chronic inflammation of the duodenum 12, symptoms most often begin to appear after stressful situations, during an exacerbation, and with errors in the diet.
Diagnostics
When characteristic signs appear, the doctor prescribes:
- fluoroscopy of the intestines and stomach;
- fecal analysis;
- general blood analysis;
- biochemical tests.
With the combination of such methods, you can find out the condition of the stomach, liver, pancreas, identify the infectious pathogen, inflammatory reaction, and also check the motor capabilities of the digestive system.
Instrumental research
The most reliable method for diagnosing duodenitis is endoscopy. If there is superficial inflammation of the duodenum 12, then the monitor will observe unevenly swollen mucous membranes. So, it is possible to identify sharp hyperemia in the form of single spots. These zones protrude slightly above the rest of the surface.
With severe duodenitis, the mucosa takes on a diffuse-edematous appearance. The spotted areas of hyperemia are much larger, often they connect into fields up to 2 cm in diameter. Small spots of hemorrhages are also present in such areas. The mucous membrane becomes easily wounded, in the lumen you can find a light yellow opalescent liquid and a large amount of mucus.
If there is a pronounced inflammation of the duodenum 12, then the endoscopic picture will be even more vivid. With this disease, the phenomenon of semolina is noted. Ultrasound can lead to local pain under the sensor with pressure in the antrum, which helps to differentiate unpleasant syndromes caused by the disease.
Therapy
Initially, the patient is required to adhere to a strictly dietary regimen. How to remove inflammation of the duodenum 12? Treatment is carried out with drugs, taking into account the main cause of the disease.
1. For the purpose of analgesia, analgesics and enveloping agents are used.
2. If an infection is detected, a course of antibacterial therapy will be required.
3. To reduce the acidity of gastric juice, specialized medicines are needed.
4. To defeat enzyme deficiency, an additional nutritional correction is needed.
5. Mandatory drugs, antispasmodics and vitamins will be prescribed.
Sometimes therapy requires the use of immunocorrectors and sedatives. Physiotherapeutic methods have an excellent effect, namely magnetotherapy, electrophoresis and ozokerite, since they well remove inflammation of the duodenum. Symptoms and treatment of this disease can be different, so the patient is recommended to go through certain stages:
- stationary;
- outpatient;
- sanatorium-resort.
Then you can know for sure that all the opportunities were used to combat the disease.
Pregnancy
During this period, treatment of duodenitis should be differentiated, complex and strictly individual, and also based on certain principles: drug therapy is carried out only at the time of exacerbation and with a lack of effect from observing a diet, diet and antacids.
If inflammation of the stomach and duodenum is detected, then non-absorbable drugs are used during therapy. In the selection of drugs, those containing sodium should be excluded (to avoid the development of metabolic alkalosis, as well as fluid retention in both the fetus and mother) and give priority to drugs that have a high neutralizing ability and a good balanced composition of laxative and fixing substances. These include “Maalox”, which is prescribed in 1 portion of powder every few hours after eating (3-5 times a day). Fosfalugel, Almagel, Koalin and aluminum hydroxide are also used.
Astringent and enveloping preparations are often used (herbal origin is recommended - decoctions of St. John's wort, chamomile flowers and yarrow).
First of all, the components of the following action are selected:
- anti-inflammatory (oak, plantain);
- antispasmodic (licorice, dill, mint, chamomile);
- antiseptic (St. John's wort, calendula);
- Laxatives (rhubarb, joster, buckthorn).
Antisecretory drugs may include some non-selective M-anticholinergics. "Atropine" reduces the tone of the smooth muscles of the esophagus, inhibits the secretory function of the stomach, but at the same time helps to open the cervix, as a result of which there is a possibility of miscarriage in the first trimester, and also activates the fetal tachycardia. Therefore, if a woman in a position has chronic inflammation of the duodenum 12, it is preferable to use Metacin or Platifillin, which do not have such an aggressive effect on the fetus and mother. In addition, these drugs have a relaxing effect on the uterus, which allows women who are diagnosed with a threat of miscarriage to use it. In case of secondary duodenitis, therapy of the underlying disease is recommended.
Folk remedies
Despite the fact that at present most doctors know how to treat inflammation of the duodenum 12 with traditional methods, patients still trust the herbal complexes that have been tested for centuries. Most commonly used are the following simple medications:
1. Boiling water is poured into 1 tsp. flaxseed, after which everything stands for 20 minutes. The prepared drink is consumed in small sips on an empty stomach. The medicine is taken for a month without interruptions.
2. Chamomile, lemon balm, licorice and marshmallow root, buckthorn bark, lavender, shepherd's bag are mixed in equal proportions. Next 1 tsp. the prepared mixture is poured into a glass of boiling water and sent to a water bath. Strain and drink everything 30 minutes before eating.
3. Pound 0.5 kg of sea buckthorn and pour 0.5 l of sunflower oil. This composition is infused for a week in a sealed container. Next, the mass is rubbed and taken if there is inflammation of the bulb of the duodenum, 1 tbsp. l every day for a month.
4. An aqueous solution of St. John's wort is prepared, and at the time of exacerbation, several sips are taken every day.
5. The juice is squeezed from the leaves and stems of a large plantain, after which a little honey is added there. The resulting mixture is drunk in 1 tsp. before eating food.
6. In clean and warm water, the branches of rhubarb are soaked, then they are applied as a compress at the time of inflammation to the stomach area.
Complications
Many people do not even suspect that they have duodenal inflammation. Symptoms of such an ailment can not always be independently diagnosed, for this reason duodenitis is often started and treated late, thereby provoking the appearance of such complications:
- inflammation of the serous membrane of the organ;
- bowel obstruction;
- extensive bleeding;
- ulcerative lesion and narrowing of the pylorus;
- purulent inflammation of the tissues;
- insufficiency of duodenal hormones.
But, despite the high probability of complications, the prognosis for duodenitis is favorable. If you detect an ailment in the early stages, you can achieve a full recovery.
There is no specific prophylaxis per se. It is only necessary to adhere to a healthy lifestyle, as well as timely treat disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and follow recommendations regarding meals. Come to a gastroenterologist several times a year for preventive examinations.
Diet for inflammation of the duodenum 12
Patients suffering from duodenitis, it is necessary to adhere to the correct diet, which will contribute to recovery. First of all, you need to abandon rough food, which injures the already damaged mucous membrane. Boiled, grated, stewed and steamed dishes are recommended for use.
It is necessary to stop eating salty, spicy, sour and fried, marinades and smoked foods are also unacceptable. It is required to replace fresh pastries with bread rolls and crackers. Hot chocolate, spirits, lemonade and coffee are completely contraindicated.
The diet should have primacy enveloping and gentle products, it can be casseroles, cereals, mashed potatoes, jelly, meatballs, meatballs, vegetable and cereal soups. It is very useful to use sour-milk low-fat products. It is also necessary to observe the rule of fragmentation and regular diet. Water diet is not the last place: you need to drink at least 1.5 liters of fluid per day.
Prevention
In order for the disease of the duodenum no longer to disturb complications and exacerbations, the following recommendations should be followed:
- get rid of bad habits (smoking, drugs, alcohol);
- strictly observe the restrictions on medical nutrition;
- streamline the schedule of work and rest;
- eliminate stress loads;
- timely treat concomitant diseases;
- attend anti-relapse therapy courses.