There are many types of lower limb injuries. Foot sprain is one of them. It is accompanied by swelling, hematoma, weakening of motor function, severe pain. The victim needs first aid and delivery to the emergency room. Only a doctor is able to make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment measures. About the treatment and prevention of this phenomenon is described in the article.
Causes
The foot is attached to the tibia with the calcaneus, scaphoid, talus, metatarsal. They are connected by a large number of ligaments: spring, long and short plantar, heel-scaphoid, heel-cuboid. Thanks to the muscle frame, bones and ligaments are protected from damage.
Stretch ligaments of the foot often appear in athletes who often jump and run - in basketball, volleyball, athletes. Such damage occurs in weightlifters during the lifting of heavy weights and barbells.
Another sprain of the foot appears from:
- excess body weight;
- classes in a particular sport;
- complex physical labor;
- walking in high heels or when wearing uncomfortable shoes;
- walking on uneven surfaces;
- pathological arch of the foot;
- congenital lack of ligament strength;
- foot injuries or inflammation of the ligaments.
If there is any reason, it is necessary to treat the leg. This will eliminate the discomfort and unpleasant consequences.
Injury recognition
What are the symptoms of sprain of the foot? They are different, depending on the degree of the disease:
- Easy. It is evidenced by a slight swelling, edema, hematoma, some soreness, lameness.
- Medium. Symptoms include acute pain, moderate swelling and hematoma, limited movement.
- Heavy. With it, severe pain, swelling, bruising is observed. Also lost leg performance. There may be a break in the ligaments of the foot or dislocation. Symptoms include dizziness, nausea, fever.
Treatment may vary depending on the degree of sprain of the foot. In any case, it is better to consult a doctor in order to prevent complications.
First aid
With stretching of the connective tissue of the foot, damage to small vessels and nerves occurs. And this leads to pain and subcutaneous hemorrhage. First aid for sprains should be provided quickly. It is carried out as follows:
- It is necessary to lay a person.
- It is important that the foot has absolute peace.
- It is necessary to place a roller under the ankle so that the damaged leg is slightly raised.
- It is required to apply a cold compress to the bruise. The procedure lasts 20 minutes. The ice is wrapped in a material or bandage and applied to the damaged area, avoiding contact with the skin.
- The foot should be fixed with a pressure bandage, wrapping from the middle of the lower leg to the toes of the foot. Dressings should not be tightened tightly.
- With severe stretching and the likelihood of a dislocation, it is necessary to fix the joint with the help of planks so that they protrude beyond the area of injury.
- It is required to give the patient an analgesic.
- After first aid, the victim can be taken to the emergency room.
First aid allows you to prevent the deterioration of the condition of the victim. In addition, this relieves him of severe pain.
ICD Code 10
Foot sprain according to ICD 10 - S93, is classified as follows:
- 0 - dislocation of the ankle, talus, fibula, subtalar joint.
- 1 - damage to the finger, interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints.
- 2 - ligament rupture in the foot and ankle joint.
- 3 - dislocation of the unfinished area of the foot, scaphoid, tarsus, tarsus-metatarsal.
- 4- ankle sprain, calcaneofibular connection.
- 5 - stretching of the capsule-ligamentous apparatus.
- 6 - stretching of the capsule-ligamentous apparatus and other joints.
The classification of diseases is used in the medical field. With a similar ailment, the ICD is also taken into account. Sprains of the foot, like any other ailment, require diagnostic measures to determine the direction of treatment.
Diagnostics
A person should be examined by an orthopedist or traumatologist. The doctor needs to be told about complaints. In this case, the doctor should feel the leg, assess mobility impairment, determine the cause.
To clarify the diagnosis, a radiography is required, showing the presence or absence of a fracture, dislocation, partial or complete rupture of ligaments, damage to soft tissues. Obtaining a detailed clinical picture will allow CT or MRI.
Preparations
What to do when stretching the ligaments of the foot? A serious approach to treatment is required, since due to incomplete rehabilitation, there is a deterioration in the capacity of the limb in the future. Medications should be taken only with the permission of the doctor, as the medications have contraindications.
If the pain is severe, you need an anesthetic medicine, for example, Analgin, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol. To relieve the symptoms of stretching, liniment and gels help. Doctors often recommend the use of drugs such as:
- "Hydrocortisone."
- "Prednisolone."
- Voltaren.
- Diclofenac.
- "Indomethacin."
- "Heparin ointment";
- "Fastum gel" "
- Aescin.
Before using any drug should read the instructions. It is important to comply with the dose and duration of treatment.
Surgical method
Treatment for sprain of the foot can be performed with surgery. It is carried out with a complete rupture of the ligaments, weighed down by a dislocation, a fracture, compression of nerve fibers, which often causes numbness of the leg.
The doctor sutures the torn connective tissue or nerves, if necessary, the bones are put in place, the skin is sutured, the suture is tied and a fixative is applied. If an open fracture is detected during stretching, the wound is drained and cleaned by a specialist.
Physiotherapy
Treatment of foot sprain at home is performed using physiotherapeutic procedures. They include the implementation of:
- electrophoresis;
- inductothermy;
- magnetotherapy;
- laser therapy;
- warming up with paraffin or ozokerite applications;
- bath with hydrogen sulfide or radon;
- UHF therapy;
- massage.
Before performing each procedure, consult a specialist. The beneficial properties of physiotherapy are as follows:
- restoration of mobility of the feet;
- removal of a tumor, inflammation, pain;
- resorption of hematomas;
- improving metabolism in injured areas;
- oxygen saturation;
- stimulation of synovial fluid production;
- normalization of blood circulation.
Physiotherapy
Sprains can be treated using the following exercises:
- you need to move the foot up and down, as well as to the sides;
- useful to squeeze and unclench your fingers;
- ball rolling;
- helps a foot massager with balls;
- fingers collecting small parts;
- performing circular rotations of the feet;
- raising on tiptoe.
The regular implementation of physiotherapy exercises not only eliminates the problem, but also improves overall well-being. You just need to do the exercises without rushing. If any procedures cause pain, you should not perform them.
Other treatments
For the treatment of stretching, warming with bags of warm sand or salt, as well as using a lamp, helps. Warm baths with sea salt or decoctions based on chamomile, oak bark, wormwood, comfrey, and saber have a beneficial effect.
It is important to adjust the diet by entering in the menu products with gelatin, rich in calcium, sulfur, silicon, manganese, selenium. Bioadditives based on chondroitin, glucosamine, collagen are effective.
ethnoscience
Traditional medicine is quite effective in the treatment of many ailments and injuries. A plus is their availability and the possibility of self-cooking. Various effective recipes can be used in the treatment.
A vodka compress is often used, with which it will be possible to eliminate puffiness in a few days. Such a tool is easy to prepare, you just need to moisten the bandage in vodka, apply it to the affected area and wind it around.
In addition to vodka compresses, dairy products help, which are applied in the same way, only the material is wetted in warm milk. Onion lotion is effective, which is prepared from chopped onion and salt, and then applied to the affected area.
Complications
Usually, stretching does not cause serious consequences. But if, with a complete break, diagnosis was not performed in a timely manner or the treatment was carried out incorrectly, then there is a risk of foot dislocation. With it, there will be instability in the joint and its frequent tucking. This appears due to the inability of damaged tissues to hold the joint.
In mild cases, treatment is carried out in the same way as with a normal injury, but with an extended recovery period. In severe forms, the surgical method using synthetic materials is used. Orthopedic shoe socks are also prescribed.
Recovery
Before the complete healing of ligaments and tissues, after which a person can step on a damaged leg, several months will pass. About 60 days is the entire course of recovery from injury. During this period, a person needs to follow the recommendations of a traumatologist, perform therapeutic exercises to strengthen the ligaments of the foot, and also prevent a heavy load on the injured leg.
During the recovery period, it is necessary to massage, perform water procedures, mud baths. Effective for developing bundles of swimming, so you can visit the pool.
Prevention
To prevent stretch marks, it is advisable to wear comfortable shoes with low wide heels. Women should not wear heels, stilettos, slippers, and slippers, since such shoes have the wrong load on the muscles and ligaments of the legs, blood circulation is disturbed, and there is also a risk of dislocation.
Athletes need to strengthen their ankle muscles with special exercises. It helps walking barefoot on a sports log. To strengthen the joints, it is necessary to start treating injuries and bone diseases in a timely manner.
Thus, sprain of the foot is an unpleasant phenomenon. It is important to provide first aid to the victim and deliver him to the hospital. And effective preventive measures will prevent the occurrence of such an injury.