Antipsychotic drugs are psychotropic drugs that are intended to treat psychotic disorders. It should be noted that the traditional name for such drugs is antipsychotics. These medications can effectively influence symptoms such as delirium, illusions, hallucinations, impaired thinking, psychotic agitation, behavior disorders , etc. Only an experienced doctor can prescribe such drugs.
The most popular antipsychotic drug is Aminazin. Instructions for use, price, reviews, analogues, contraindications and drug indications are presented below.
Composition, description, form
What form is inherent in the drug "Aminazin"? Instructions, reviews report that this drug goes on sale in the form of a brown-pink dragee, as well as a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration. The active substance of these funds is chlorpromazine hydrochloride. Also, depending on the form of release, they include various auxiliary elements.
Pharmacological features
What is remarkable for the drug "Aminazin"? Instructions for use, reviews indicate that this is an antipsychotic drug, which in its pharmacological group belongs to antipsychotics. It has a hypotensive, antiemetic and antihistamine effect.
The active ingredient of this medication is a phenothiazine derivative. In addition to the listed properties, this medication has a sedative, weak hypothermic, antipsychotic, locally irritating, vasodilating and moderately M-anticholinergic effects.
The antipsychotic effect of this agent is achieved due to the blockade of dopamine D 2 receptors of the mesolimbic and mesocortical systems. Thanks to these properties, the drug in question is able to eliminate hallucinations, delusions and other productive symptoms of psychosis.
It should also be noted that Aminazin, reviews of which are given below, stops various types of psychomotor agitation, reduces the severity of aggressiveness and psychotic fear.
The sedative effect of this medication is achieved due to the blockade of adrenoreceptors of the reticular pharmacy that are located in the brain stem.
Drug properties
What properties are inherent in the medicine "Aminazin"? Reviews report that this drug depresses the conditioned-reflex work, relaxes skeletal muscles, reduces the spontaneity of motor activity, and reduces sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous stimuli with a stable mind. The use of large doses of this medicine causes severe drowsiness.
The blockade of the vagus nerve in the gastrointestinal tract and dopamine D 2 receptors located in the trigger zone and vomiting center provides the antiemetic effect of the drug. It should also be noted that this agent has a weak effect on M-cholinergic receptors. In addition, its pronounced effect is noted in relation to alpha-adrenergic receptors.
Drug action
How does the drug "Aminazin"? Reviews say that this tool is able to completely eliminate the effects that were caused by epinephrine. Its hypothermic effect is due to the blockade of dopamine receptors that are located in the hypothalamus.
The drug in question reduces blood pressure, increases heart rate, has a weak antihistamine effect and a pronounced cataleptogenic effect, and also reduces the permeability of capillary walls.
When administered intramuscularly, this medication causes a sedative effect for ¼ hour, and when taken orally, after 120 minutes. Tolerance of the patient to sedative and hypotensive effects develops after about one week.
When taking this medicine inside, its antipsychotic properties make themselves felt on the 4th or 7th day. The therapeutic effect of this drug lasts about 2-6 months.
Pharmacokinetics of the drug
Is Aminazine Absorbed? Reviews reports that when taken orally, chlorpromazine is rapidly but not completely absorbed from the digestive system. Its peak concentration in the blood is reached after 4 hours.
This drug undergoes the first passage through the liver. Therefore, its concentration in the blood after ingestion is much less than the concentration after intramuscular injection.
This medicine is metabolized in the liver with the formation of inactive and active derivatives.
Chlorpromazine has a high bond with plasma proteins. It is widely distributed in the patient's body, penetrating the BBB.
The half-life of the active substance of this medicine is approximately 30 minutes. Moreover, the elimination of its derivatives may be longer.
The medication in question is excreted along with urine and bile.
The drug "Aminazin": indications for use
Reviews report that this drug is actively used in psychiatric practice. It is prescribed in the treatment of psychomotor agitation in a person with schizophrenia. Also, this drug is used for chronic psychosis, acute delusional states, hypomanic excitement, insomnia, psychopathy, mental illness, anxiety, fear and anxiety.
In addition to the listed conditions, indications for the use of this medication are: persistent hiccups, alcoholic psychosis, indomitable vomiting and severe nausea. In the presence of pain, this drug enhances the effect of analgesics.
It should also be noted that the drug in question is prescribed for diseases that are accompanied by increased muscle tone, tetanus (as a combination therapy in conjunction with barbiturates), and after the disturbances in cerebral circulation.
Not so long ago, this drug was used for artificial hypothermia as part of lytic mixtures. In anesthesiology, this medication is often prescribed for sedation and potentiation of general anesthesia.
In dermatological practice, “Aminazine” (patient reviews about this medicine are mostly positive) is used for pruritic dermatoses. In addition, it can be used in the treatment of acute porphyria.
Contraindications
In what cases is the antipsychotic drug Aminazin not prescribed? Reviews of doctors report that this tool is not used for coma of any origin, as well as for severe inhibition of the nervous system, severe pathology of the heart and blood vessels, intolerance to the active substance, progressive diseases of the brain and spinal cord of a systemic nature, gastrointestinal ulcers and during chest feeding.
Due to the high risk of hepatotoxic reactions, this drug is prescribed with extreme caution in alcoholism. The same applies to breast cancer, pathological changes in the blood, prostatic gland hyperplasia, angle-closure glaucoma, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, myxedema, vomiting, cachexia, Reye syndrome and advanced age.
The drug "Aminazin": instructions for use
The tablets, reviews of which are presented below, are used in psychiatric practice at an initial daily dosage of 25-100 mg. This amount is divided into 1-4 doses. Over time, the dose is increased every four days by 25 or 50 mg until the desired effect is achieved.
In case of anxiety, this drug is drunk in 2-3 hours before surgery.
The maximum single dose of this agent is 300 mg, and the daily dose is 1.5 g.
As for the solution, it is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The initial dosage of this medicine is 25-50 mg.
Before the introduction of the drug, it is diluted with 2-5 ml of sodium chloride solution or procaine solution. Injections are done deeply intramuscularly.
The maximum single dose of this agent is 150 mg, and the daily dosage is 1 g. As for intravenous administration, these values correspond to 100 and 250 mg.
Unwanted effects
Does “Aminazine" (tablets) cause side effects? Reviews report that in the first stages of treatment, this medication can provoke dry mouth, paresis of accommodation, frigidity, increased drowsiness, constipation, sleep disturbance, dizziness, impaired appetite, tachycardia, a pronounced form of orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention, decreased potency, allergies and a drop blood pressure.
Long-term therapy with this drug causes cramps in the muscles of the neck and tongue, neuroleptic depression, akineto-rigid phenomena, extrapyramidal disorders, amenorrhea, akathisia, a delayed reaction to various stimuli, hypercoagulation, vomiting, changes in the psyche, heart rhythm disturbances, pigmentation of the skin integument, depression of bone bones , gynecomastia, cholestatic jaundice, galactorrhea, hyperplolactinemia, oliguria, diarrhea and malignant antipsychotic syndrome. With intravenous infusion, phlebitis forms, and with intramuscular infiltrates.
Special recommendations
Therapy with this tool requires careful monitoring of blood pressure, pulse, kidney and liver.
This drug can cause photosensitivity, and therefore, during its administration, it is recommended to avoid exposure.
Analogs and cost
The price of this medicine depends on its form of release. A package of 10 ampoules can be purchased for 60 rubles, and a similar number of tablets costs about 150 rubles.
The analogues of this medication include Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride and Tizercin.
Reviews
According to experts, the medication in question has a powerful antipsychotic effect, eliminating all signs of psychomotor agitation. However, it should be noted that reviews about this tool are of a different nature.
Some patients claim that this drug is effective in Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, psychosis, epilepsy, and also relieves anxiety and tension. Other consumers believe that the drug in question provokes the development of epileptic seizures, hand tremors, various personality disorders and a state of increased drowsiness.
In any case, this tool should be used only for its intended purpose and under the supervision of the attending doctor.