Headache and nosebleeds are symptoms of serious pathologies. Some of these ailments are a direct threat to life. There are many reasons for this phenomenon. If such symptoms occur, it is necessary to undergo an examination. Why does blood come from my nose and my head hurts? This is described in the sections of the article.
How is the pathology manifested?
There are several types of nosebleeds:
- Front It is not very intense and most often stops on its own or after first aid measures.
- The back. Appears as a result of a violation of the integrity of large vessels. Such bleeding is quite intense. Stopping it yourself is very difficult. This phenomenon leads to a severe deterioration in well-being.
If there is bleeding from the nose and a headache, how can such symptoms occur?
Probable reasons
There are many factors that explain the appearance of these signs. Such symptoms are observed in both adults and children. If there is blood from the nose and a headache, the cause may be pathology, mechanical damage, or exposure to unfavorable external circumstances. In most cases, these manifestations are found in women. In men, they occur less frequently.
Adverse external factors
If there is blood from the nose and a headache, the cause of this phenomenon may be:
- The dry air in the room, which makes the capillaries more fragile, reduces the elasticity of the vessels.
- Exposure to too high temperatures.
- Differences in blood pressure (during climbs, dives, traveling by plane).
- Mechanical damage to the head or organ of smell.
- Drug abuse to reduce vascular volume.
- Allergic reactions.
- Electric shock.
- Nasopharynx burn.
- Intense cough, strong blowing.
- Exposure to radiation.
- The use of narcotic substances, alcohol-containing drinks.
- Side effect of medicines.
- Intoxications (poisoning with chemicals, toxic gases, aerosols).
Pathologies that trigger the onset of symptoms
These include the following conditions:
- Disorders of the myocardium and blood vessels.
- Hormone imbalance.
- Stroke.
- Inflammation of the meninges.
- Hypertension.
- Violations of the blood coagulation process.
- Malignant neoplasms in the brain, nasal cavity.
- Problems with the activity of the adrenal glands.
If the nose often bleeds and the head hurts, a person needs to see a doctor to determine the cause of this phenomenon.
Hypertensive crisis
Such a pathology is characterized by the following symptoms:
- Dizziness.
- Swelling of the tissues of the face.
- Deterioration of the visual apparatus.
- Headache.
- Bouts of nausea.
- Blood from the nose.
- Increased blood pressure.
- Tinnitus.
- An increase in the frequency of myocardial contractions.
If the head hurts, blood from the nose, pressure is increased, perhaps a combination of these symptoms indicates a hypertensive crisis.
Mechanical damage
Injuries to the sense of smell and head often occur in children and adolescents. They can be both minor and serious, such as a fracture.
After a bruised nose, bleeding is negligible. There is pain in the area of affected tissues, shortness of breath. As a first aid method, an ice lotion or tissue dipped in cold water should be placed on the nose bridge, and tablets should be given with an analgesic effect. Do not throw your head back and use means to reduce the volume of blood vessels. As a rule, such a bruise goes away on its own within a few days without special therapy.
A nose fracture is considered a more serious lesion that occurs when hitting a hard, blunt object, falling, and athletic training. Such an injury is often accompanied by cracks in the bones of the skull. If, as a result of mechanical damage, blood flows from the nose and a headache hurts, discomfort appears in the area of the orbits, cheekbones, a feeling of weakness, drowsiness and nausea, you should contact a medical institution as soon as possible.
Heat and sunstroke
This is another common cause of these symptoms.
Pathology is accompanied by other signs of deterioration. Heat stroke occurs during prolonged stays in a stuffy and hot room. Sunny - with a long and intense exposure to ultraviolet radiation. If the head hurts, is sick, blood flows from the nose, the cause may be one of these conditions. In severe cases, the patient loses consciousness. In the event of heat or sunstroke, exposure to harmful factors should be excluded (avoiding direct sunlight, from a stuffy room), unfastening the collar or tight clothing. A mild degree of pathology does not require special therapy. Her symptoms go away within sixty minutes.
Allergic reaction
In this condition, mucus accumulates in the nose. This leads to difficulty breathing, increased pressure, bleeding. As medication methods for allergic reactions, various medications are used (Zodak, Suprastin, Prednisolonum).
Infectious pathologies
If as a result of viral diseases (flu, rubella, acute respiratory viral infections), headache, nosebleed hurts, why is this happening? With these ailments, the walls of the vessels become thin, which leads to damage to the capillaries. There are also symptoms of intoxication (drowsiness, a feeling of weakness), as well as a runny nose and coughing attacks.
Hormonal imbalance
If the patient has a headache and blood from the nose, the cause of this phenomenon may be endocrinological pathologies. Violations of the functions of the genital or adrenal glands, thyroid glands often lead to increased fragility of blood vessels. A change in the concentration of hormones in the body is characteristic of the puberty, menopause, and pregnancy.
Causes of pathology in minors
If a child or teenager has a headache and bleeds from his nose, this may be due to the following circumstances:
- Mechanical damage to the organ of smell.
- Traumatic brain injury.
- The presence of foreign objects in the nasal passages.
- Recurring respiratory infections.
- Frequent and intense blowing.
- Incorrect treatment of ailments of the nasal mucosa.
- Sensitivity of the sense of smell to changes in environmental conditions.
If there is blood from the nose and a headache in a child or adolescent, there is a feeling of nausea, bruising under the eyes, general malaise, you must contact a medical institution. In the case when the health condition worsened after a fall, shock or injury, you need to visit the emergency room.
The appearance of symptoms during gestation
Bleeding from the nasal cavity and headache often disturb a woman during pregnancy.
Such phenomena are not dangerous for expectant mothers if they occur less than 1 time in one trimester.
They can be caused by the following circumstances:
- Imbalances in hormones. This phenomenon is accompanied by a feeling of nausea, nasal congestion, dizziness.
- The lack of vitamins, nutrients.
- Poor blood coagulation.
- An increase or decrease in blood pressure (this condition poses a serious danger to the life of the fetus).
- Sometimes expectant mothers have a headache and bleeding from the nose due to toxicosis in the late stages of gestation.
- Influenza and acute respiratory infections, to which the body of pregnant women is especially sensitive.
- Heat or sunstroke.
- Mechanical damage.
Expectant mothers should regularly visit a gynecologist to avoid health problems during gestation.
When should I see a doctor?
Sometimes headache and blood from the nose indicate serious ailments or injuries. When should I call an ambulance? It is necessary to immediately contact a medical institution in the following situations:
- When symptoms appear after taking medications, especially drugs that contain hormones.
- In the event of a strong feeling of weakness, dizziness, blurred vision. It is necessary to measure blood pressure. The patient should take a horizontal position or sit down.
- If, as a result of a fall, a bruise, or a blow, blood starts to flow from the nose, then the head hurts, deformity of the organ of smell, swelling, and discomfort are observed.
- The man lost consciousness. His skin became very pale, his limbs became cold. Bleeding does not stop for fifteen minutes or intensifies.
Diagnostic measures
To find out the cause of the symptoms, experts recommend such examinations:
- Laboratory tests of urine, blood (general, biochemical).
- Taking swabs from the nose and throat.
- Electrocardiogram.
- Computed tomography of the head.
- Rhinoscopy
- Encephalogram.
First Aid Methods
If there is blood from the nose and a headache, it is necessary, first of all, to get rid of these symptoms.
To do this, follow these recommendations:
- Lay the patient in a horizontal position. His head should be above the chest.
- To unfasten the top buttons, to remove a tie, a scarf.
- Provide fresh air.
- Place an ice pack on the nose bridge. Keep it should be no more than ten minutes.
- Attach a cloth dampened with cold water to the back of the head.
- The nostril that bleeds is pinched with your fingers or cotton wool is injected with hydrogen peroxide or saline (it must be removed very carefully so as not to damage the mucous membrane).
- Medications for pain in the head (Paracetamol or Analgin) should be taken.
- If a person is unconscious, they place him on a horizontal, even surface. The head is turned on its side so that in case of an attack of vomiting the patient does not suffocate. Then you must call the ambulance service.
- When bleeding from the nose, it is forbidden to lean back.
Preventive actions
To avoid the appearance of unpleasant symptoms, it is necessary to adhere to such recommendations:
- Do not eat too hot food and drinks.
- Refuse to exercise for a week after the occurrence of an attack.
- Take medications that help strengthen the walls of blood vessels (Venoruton, Ascorutin, nettle broth). However, drugs should only be used with the permission of a specialist.
- Flush the nasal cavity with solutions containing sea salt.
- Take vitamin supplements prescribed by a doctor.
- Include legumes, olive oil, cereal dishes and seafood in the diet.
- Use a humidifier, regularly ventilate the room.
- Avoid activities and situations that can lead to mechanical damage to the head.
- Limit sun exposure.
- Exclude alcohol-containing products.
- Do not overwork, devote enough time to night rest.
Conclusion
Pain in the head, which is accompanied by bleeding from the nose, is a symptom that you must definitely pay attention to.
This phenomenon often indicates the presence of dangerous pathologies. Therefore, when it occurs, you must contact a medical institution and undergo the necessary examinations. To avoid repeated attacks, it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle, avoid overwork, physical overload, use vitamin supplements, eat properly, do not stay in the open sun for a long time, in stuffy rooms, and drink pills prescribed by a doctor.