An allergy is a symptom that indicates an excessive sensitivity of the body to certain substances. Everything that surrounds us, and everything with which we directly come in contact, causes a certain protective reaction of the immune system. Its main task is to recognize and neutralize an object hazardous to health. But it happens that this system fails and a hypersensitive reaction to completely harmless substances called allergens occurs. In this case, the production of protective antibodies by the immune system increases and a reaction to a dangerous object occurs in the form of skin rashes, runny nose, redness of the eyes and asthma. The main principles of treatment for allergies are:
-use of drugs that inhibit an undesirable reaction;
- the withdrawal of the allergen from the body;
-immunotherapy;
-immunocorrection;
-immunosuppressive therapy.
Antiallergic drugs are used in combination with drugs that eliminate the symptoms of this reaction. For example, medications that expand the bronchi are prescribed for cramping. The antiallergic drugs used by our medicine inhibit the pathophysiological, pathozyme and immune stages of this undesirable reaction. Many of these drugs simultaneously affect several mechanisms of the development of the allergic process.
Antiallergic drugs are divided into three groups:
antihistamines;
-cromons;
corticosteroid hormones.
The world pharmaceutical industry produces more than one hundred and fifty kinds of antihistamines. The most common of these is the anti-allergic agent Suprastin. Also to this group of drugs is Diazolin and Tavegil, and also Diphenhydramine and Fenistil. The mechanism of their action is based on the blocking of histamine cellular receptors of various organs, prone to unwanted reactions. As a result of the influence of this group of medicines, cell insensitivity to substances causing an allergic reaction is produced . Antiallergic drugs are prescribed in a dosage depending on the stage of the disease. The way they are introduced into the body can be oral, intravenous and subcutaneous. They can be used locally in the form of ointments, powders, as well as solutions. The disadvantage of these drugs is their drowsiness, which slows down reactions and reduces attention. However, they are efficient to use and have an affordable price. The latest generation of atihistamines include Gismanal and Claritin, Zirtek and Telfast, Erius, Kestin and others. These funds are taken one tablet per day and do not cause drowsiness.
As a prophylaxis of inflammatory reactions in medical practice, cromones are used. The course of treatment is quite long, but the effect after passing it is quite pronounced. The form of release of these drugs are capsules (nalkrom).
Corticosteroid hormones are prescribed only in especially severe cases. The main drugs in this group are Prednisolone and Methylprednisolone, Dexamethasone and Acetonil.
Women who are expecting a baby’s birth are less likely to suffer from allergies, as their body produces additional hormones that affect the process that protects against this ailment. Complex diseases such as asthma or hay fever may not occur during the entire period of bearing a child. And if symptoms appear, then the course of the disease occurs in a milder form. Antiallergic drugs during pregnancy should be taken only on the recommendation of a doctor, since none of them can be completely safe for the fetus.