In the vast majority of cases, the development of the syndrome manifests itself in men over 45 years of age who abuse alcohol. Mallory-Weiss syndrome begins with a sudden increase in pressure in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Vomiting often occurs with overeating, pancreatitis, pregnancy, cholecystitis, etc. Other causes may include severe coughing, hiccups, diaphragmatic hernias, blunt abdominal injuries, or a fall from a height. Clinically syndrome
Melory-Weiss is manifested by the presence of vomit in the blood, and during
the first bouts of blood are missing. In addition to vomiting with blood in patients
with this syndrome there are abdominal pains, as well as black stools.
Mallory-Weiss syndrome is diagnosed by endoscopic examination, which allows to determine longitudinal ruptures of the mucous membrane of the esophagus.
Common signs of bleeding are also found: cold, sticky sweat, pale skin, tachycardia, lethargy, and hypotension. In some cases, Mallory-Weiss syndrome can cause shock. A blood test can detect a decrease in the number of red blood cells, a decrease in hemoglobin, an increase in the number of platelets.
To restore blood volume, conservative therapy is used that inhibits Mallory-Weiss syndrome. The treatment in this case is to
the introduction of colloidal and crystalloid solutions. In severe blood loss
blood transfusions and metoclopramide are used. To stop bleeding
use a Blackmore probe. Due to the mechanical compression of blood vessels observed
hemostatic effect. You can also stop bleeding using
sodium ethamylate, aminocaproic acid, calcium chloride and octreatide.
Mallory-Weiss syndrome is also stopped endoscopically. For this, the bleeding site is chopped off with adrenaline, as a result of which a vasoconstrictor effect is achieved. The most effective method is
argon plasma coagulation, which makes it possible to obtain persistent
hemostasis. The introduction of adrenaline is combined with electrocoagulation. With the introduction
sclerosant (polydocanol) also has a good hemostatic effect. With the development of the syndrome, vascular ligation is often used, by applying ligatures to the vessel. This method is especially justified for varicose vessels of the esophagus and portal hypertension. A similar method is to apply clips to the bleeding vessels using the applicator.
Surgical treatment is prescribed in the absence of the effect of endoscopic
methods and conservative treatment. In this case, a Beier operation is performed:
stitching of damaged blood vessels. In most cases, the prognosis for life with the development of the syndrome is favorable. Bleeding
stops by conservative, endoscopic treatment or
surgical intervention, either independently.
Prevention of a disease such as Melory-Weiss syndrome is the timely prevention of vomiting and vomiting. The main cause of the syndrome is excessive alcohol intake and subsequent intoxication. Therefore, the main measure of preventive measures is the fight against excessive alcohol consumption. An equally important point is
adequate and timely treatment of acute and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which
accompanied by vomiting.
The diet for the syndrome should include the use of boiled foods and steamed. Drinking alcohol is strictly contraindicated. The use of lemons and other citrus fruits, as well as products that can injure the mucous membrane of the esophagus, is not recommended. Marinades, smoked meats and spices should be excluded from the diet. A good remedy for traditional medicine for cracks in the esophagus is to take on an empty stomach one tablespoon of pumpkin oil daily for a month.