It is impossible to imagine Russian linguistics without such a significant scientist as Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov. A linguist, literary critic, a man of encyclopedic education, he left a significant mark in the doctrine of the Russian language, did a lot for the development of modern humanities, and brought up a galaxy of talented scientists.
The beginning of the way
Victor Vladimirovich Vinogradov was born on January 12, 1895 in Zaraysk, in the family of a clergyman. In 1930, his father was repressed, and he died in exile in Kazakhstan. Mom, who went to exile for her husband, also died. The family managed to form a strong craving for education in Victor. In 1917 he graduated from two institutes in Petrograd at once: the historical-philological (Zubovsky) and the archaeological.
The path to science
Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov as a student showed brilliant scientific makings. Immediately after graduation, he was invited to continue to do science at the Petrograd Institute, at first he was involved in the history of church schism, wrote a scientific paper. At this time, he was noticed by academician A. Shakhmatov, who saw enormous potential in the beginning scientist and decided that Vinogradov should be accepted as a scholarship holder for preparing a dissertation in Russian literature. In 1919, under the guidance of A. Shakhmatov, he wrote a master's thesis on the history of sound [b] in the North Russian dialect. After that, he is given the opportunity to become a professor at the Petrograd Institute, in this position he worked for 10 years. After the death of A. Shakhmatov in 1920, Viktor Vladimirovich finds a new mentor in the person of the outstanding linguist L.V. Shcherba.
Achievements in literary criticism
Vinogradov was simultaneously engaged in linguistics and literary criticism. His works became known in wide circles of the Petrograd intelligentsia. He writes a number of interesting works on the style of the great Russian writers A.S. Pushkin, F.M. Dostoevsky, N.S. Leskova, N.V. Gogol. In addition to stylistics, he was interested in the historical aspect in the study of works of literature. He develops his own research method, which is based on the wide involvement of the historical context in the study of the features of a literary work. He considered it important to study the specifics of the author's style, which will help to penetrate deeper into the author’s intention. Later Vinogradov creates a harmonious doctrine of the category of the image of the author and the author's style, which was at the junction of literary criticism and linguistics.
Years of persecution
In 1930, Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov left for Moscow, where he works in various universities. But in 1934 he was arrested in the so-called “Slavic case”. Almost without investigation, Vinogradov was exiled to Vyatka, where he would spend two years, then he was allowed to move to Mozhaysk and even allowed to teach in Moscow. He had to live illegally with his wife, putting both at risk.
In 1938, he was forbidden to teach, but after Viktor Vladimirovich wrote a letter to Stalin, he was returned to Moscow a residence permit and the right to work in Moscow. Two years passed relatively quietly, but when the Great Patriotic War began, Vinogradov, as an unreliable element, was sent to Tobolsk, where he would remain until the summer of 1943. All these years, despite everyday disorder and constant fear for his life, Viktor Vladimirovich continues to work. He writes stories of individual words on small sheets, they were found in the scientist’s archive a lot. When the war ended, Vinogradov’s life improved, and he, returning to Moscow, began to work hard and fruitfully.
Linguistics as a calling
Victor Vladimirovich Vinogradov won worldwide recognition precisely in linguistics. The area of his scientific interests lay in the field of the Russian language, he created his own scientific school, which was based on the previous history of Russian linguistics and opened up wide opportunities for describing and systematizing the language. His contribution to Russian studies is extremely large.
Vinogradov built the doctrine of the grammar of the Russian language, based on the views of A. Shakhmatov, he developed a theory of the parts of speech, which was described in the fundamental work “Modern Russian language”. His works on the language of fiction are interesting, which combine the resources of linguistics and literary criticism and allow you to deeply penetrate the essence of the work and the author's style. An important part of the scientific heritage are works on textology, lexicology and lexicography, he identified the main types of lexical meaning, created the doctrine of phraseology. The scientist was part of a group to compile an academic dictionary of the Russian language.
Outstanding work
Prominent scientists with a wide field of scientific interests often create significant work in several areas, such as Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov. "Russian language. Grammar doctrine of the word "," About the language of fiction "," About fiction "- these and many other works brought fame to the scientist and combined the research capabilities of stylistics, grammar and literary analysis. Significant work is the unpublished book "History of words", which V.V. Vinogradov wrote all his life.
An important part of his legacy is his work on syntax, the books “From the History of Studying Russian Syntax” and “Basic Issues in the Syntax of a Sentence” became the final part of the grape’s grammar, in which he described the main types of sentences and identified the types of syntactic connection.
The scientist's works were awarded the USSR State Prize.
Scientist career
Vinogradov Viktor Vladimirovich, whose biography has always been associated with academic science, has worked hard and fruitfully. From 1944 to 1948 he was dean of the philological faculty of Moscow State University, where he headed the Russian language department for 23 years. In 1945, he was elected an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, passing the post of corresponding member. Since 1950, for 4 years, he headed the Institute of Linguistics of the USSR Academy of Sciences. And in 1958, academician Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov became the head of the Russian Language Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which will be led by more than a quarter century. In addition, the scientist held many public and scientific posts, he was a deputy, honorary member of many foreign academies and a professor at Prague and Budapest universities.
Died V.V. Vinogradov October 4, 1969 in Moscow.