Sinusitis is a rather dangerous ailment. Serious complications can occur if the treatment is not started on time or in the case of improperly selected methods. It is almost always recommended to take antibiotics. With sinusitis and sinusitis of bacterial etiology, this is the only way to prevent the further spread of infection. What drugs will be most effective? Let us consider in more detail the popular drugs prescribed for the treatment of the inflammatory process.
What are sinusitis?
Around the nose there are four pairs of air cavities - sinuses. All of them have a message with the nasal cavity. This allows you to freely move not only air, but also the mucous secretion. Therefore, when pathogens enter, the inflammatory process can develop in the nasal cavity and then go into sinuses. Depending on the localization of the focus, the following types of ailment are distinguished:
- ethmoiditis - inflammation of the ethmoid labyrinth (sinuses are located in the nose);
- frontal sinusitis - an inflammatory process in the frontal sinus ;
- sinusitis - with an ailment, the maxillary sinus is affected;
- sphenoiditis - inflammation in the sphenoid sinus.
Conservative therapy will help to quickly cope with the pathology and avoid complications. What antibiotics for sinusitis, sinusitis should be taken only by a specialist. In addition to drug therapy, lavage of the sinuses can be prescribed.
Causes of Sinusitis
Almost always, the development of sinusitis provokes a bacterial or viral infection. When microbes enter the nasal cavity, the sinuses surrounding it begin to secrete an increased amount of mucous secretion. This, on the one hand, helps to “wash” the infection from the body, and on the other hand, worsens the patient’s condition. The inflammatory process is amplified due to the fact that the swollen epithelium lining the nasal cavity prevents the mucous secretion.
Predisposing factors are also anomalies in the structure of the nasal septum, abnormal structure of the sinuses, adenoids, frequent colds, and allergic rhinitis.
Treatment
The development of sinusitis is evidenced by a prolonged runny nose, which is not amenable to drug exposure, pain in the face, increased body temperature, purulent discharge from the nose. With this picture of the disease, antibiotics are mandatory.
For the treatment of sinusitis and sinusitis, various groups of antibacterial medicines are prescribed, because pathogens develop resistance to active substances with prolonged use. In the event that the drug is selected incorrectly, the infection will not be completely cured. Before prescribing antibiotics, it is necessary to undergo a laboratory study to determine the sensitivity of bacteria to a particular substance.
In addition, it is recommended to take painkillers and antipyretic drugs to alleviate the symptoms of the inflammatory process. You can improve the condition with the help of washing the nose with antiseptic agents.
Types of Antibiotics
In the bacterial etiology of the inflammatory process in the paranasal sinuses, several groups of antibacterial agents are used. Only a specialist can choose the most effective medication after examining the patient and determining the type of pathogenic microorganisms that provoked the development of pathology.
Antibiotics for sinusitis and sinusitis will help to eliminate not only nasal congestion, but also the main cause that caused the disease. The following groups of drugs are considered the most effective:
- Macrolides - interfere with the reproduction and growth of pathogenic bacteria. Can be used to treat acute and chronic sinusitis. Macrolides are considered the least dangerous of all types of antibiotics.
- Penicillins - most often used to treat all types of sinusitis. A significant advantage is the selective activity of such drugs, that is, they do not act on the whole organism as a whole, but only on the focus of the pathology.
- Cephalosporins - they are prescribed if penicillins have not had the proper therapeutic effect. Cephalosporins kill pathogenic bacteria that are insensitive to penicillins.
- Tetracyclines - have a similar effect to macrolides and inhibit the synthesis of protein compounds of bacteria. However, tetracyclines often cause side effects and have more contraindications.
- Fluoroquinols - have high bioavailability, create high concentrations of active ingredients in the tissues.
An ENT doctor should tell you which antibiotics to drink for sinusitis and sinusitis. Medications are selected depending on the age category of the patient and the severity of the pathological condition. It should be remembered that antibiotics will be effective only in case of bacterial infection. With viral sinusitis or sinusitis, these drugs are not used.
How to choose the best antibiotic?
With sinusitis, sinusitis in the paranasal sinuses accumulates a large amount of pathological secretion. This phenomenon causes pain and discomfort, which is simply impossible to cope with without antibacterial agents. For treatment, the doctor prescribes the most effective drugs that are suitable for a particular case.
The following antibiotics are the most effective for sinusitis:
- preparations based on amoxicillin (Amoxiclav, Amoxil, Ospamox, Flemoxin, Amoxicillin);
- antibiotics based on azithromycin (Azitrox, Sumamed, Hemomycin, Zetamax);
- cephalexin-based preparations (Ospexin, Cephalexin, Sporidex);
- ofloxacin-based fluoroquinols (Zanocin, Zoflox, Ofloxacin, Phloxal).
Topical antibiotics for sinusitis
Especially popular are antibacterial agents for topical use. They act directly in the focus of the inflammatory process and do not have a systemic effect. They can be prescribed as monotherapy or as part of a comprehensive treatment. “Bioparox”, “Isofra”, “Polydex” are effective antibiotics for rhinitis, sinusitis, sinusitis of bacterial origin.
Topical antibiotics are available in the form of drops and sprays. Use them only if there is free access to the sinuses.
The use of "Amoxicillin"
The drug "Amoxicillin" is a semisynthetic penicillin and is available in the form of tablets, capsules and granules for the preparation of a suspension. Its activity extends to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, those microorganisms that secrete penicillinase (an enzyme) are resistant to it. "Amoxicillin" is often prescribed for the treatment of pathologies of ENT organs: sinusitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, otitis media of bacterial origin.
Due to the acid resistance of the drug, its components do not break down in the digestive tract and begin to be rapidly absorbed. The dosage of the medicine is determined individually. Children from 2 years of age, "Amoxicillin" is prescribed in the form of a suspension. Almost all antibiotics (with sinusitis and sinusitis) in liquid form and intended for oral use have a pleasant fruity taste, which allows you to give a medicine to a child without any special difficulties. A syringe is used to dispense the suspension.
Children over 10 years of age and adults should be prescribed a pill and capsule. The dose of the active substance in them can be 250 and 500 mg. Per day, it is indicated to take no more than 750 mg of amoxicillin for children under 10 years of age. In adults, the maximum dose of the drug is 1500 mg, divided into three doses.
The drug "Sumamed"
What antibiotics to take for sinusitis and sinusitis, so that the consequences for the body are minimal? Many experts prescribe macrolides to their patients. “Sumamed” also refers to such medicines. If the cause of the inflammatory process in the paranasal sinuses is streptococcus, hemophilic bacillus, staphylococcus, this medication will be very effective. "Sumamed" is produced in the form of tablets and powder for the preparation of a suspension.
Due to the fact that the active substance of the drug is excreted from the body a little longer than that of antibacterial drugs of other groups, it takes only 5 days to take it. The therapeutic efficacy of the drug is another week after the end of the dose.
Contraindications and side effects
The drug has a minimum of contraindications for use. Instructions for use warns that Sumamed is forbidden to prescribe to patients with hypersensitivity to macrolides or intolerance to these substances. With caution, they are prescribed in the presence of pathologies of the liver and kidneys.
Macrolides practically do not cause side effects. That is why in the treatment of inflammatory processes of bacterial origin, these antibiotics are most often prescribed.
With sinusitis and sinusitis, the duration of treatment with Sumamed is usually 5 days. For such a short period of time, antibiotic therapy does not cause serious negative consequences . With an allergic reaction to the components of the drug, skin rashes may occur. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation are observed only with a longer antibiotic treatment.
Isofra spray
Nasal remedy is very effective in inflammatory processes in the sinuses. As an active ingredient, the antibiotic framycetin sulfate, which belongs to the group of aminoglycosides, is used. The substance is able to suppress the development of pathogenic microflora and has a wide spectrum of action.
Local antibiotics used for sinusitis and sinusitis are most effective in complex therapy. Before using them, you should first rinse the nasal cavity with saline to get rid of mucous congestions. The dosage of the Isofra spray is set depending on the age of the patient. Adults are shown to use the medicine up to 5 times a day, and children - no more than three times a day. The duration of drug treatment is 7-10 days.