In case of diabetes mellitus, a person sometimes has deteriorating health conditions, a diabetic foot syndrome is manifested (ICD code - 10). Deterioration occurs, as a rule, due to the fault of the patient himself. The reason may be that he does not adhere to special nutrition and does not follow the appointments of a specialist. E 10.5 - ICD code 10 of the diabetic foot is a very dangerous disease that can cause tissue necrosis (gangrene).
Reasons for education
Basically, a diabetic foot, ICD code 10 of which is E 10.5, appears due to neglect of the established rules by the patient. When the patient simply does not monitor his health, eats improperly, refuses treatment. Such an attitude to one’s health can lead to a sad ending.
The next thing that provokes diabetic foot syndrome (ICD 10 E10.5) are past illnesses and injuries. In addition, a lot depends on the medicine itself, on its quality and on how the correct dosage of the drug is. It is because of all of the above that the diseases of the diabetic foot are formed - the pathology of the vessels of the lower extremities. Mostly at risk are people with type 2 diabetes.
For diseases of the diabetic foot, tissue damage on the feet is characteristic. When their inflammation forms, then as a result there is a strong suppuration, which can develop into the gangrene of the diabetic foot, according to ICD 10, the code has E 10-14 with a fourth value of 5.
One of the causes of the disease can be diabetic neuropathy - a violation in the vessels of the lower extremities, which is complicated by bacterial infections.
Forms of the disease
In this regard, as early as the 90s, the first International Symposium was held, which was devoted precisely to the consideration of complications of the diabetic foot. In the end, a classification of the disease was developed and its progressive forms were identified.
There are such forms of the disease:
- Neuropathic - leads to disruption of the nervous system. It manifests itself as swelling, ulceration, destruction of articular tissues.
- Ischemic - the result of atherosclerotic manifestations, due to which blood circulation in the lower extremities is disturbed.
- Neuroischemic, better known as mixed. This form includes the symptoms of the two previous types.
When diagnosing one of the diseases, you should not self-medicate and resort to traditional medicine. As practice shows, such methods are not effective and in some cases can serve as an accelerator of the development of diseases.
Often with diabetes there is a neuropathic form, a little less often - neuroischemic. In extremely rare cases, an ischemic form occurs. Therefore, before proceeding with treatment, a specialist must determine the form of the disease and, on the basis of this, proceed with treatment.
Why do complications occur?
During a violation in diabetes mellitus of the diabetic foot (ICD - 10 E 10.5), a jump in blood sugar occurs, this becomes dangerous, especially if such a phenomenon remains unchanged for a long time. Elevated sugar levels negatively affect nerves and blood vessels. First, capillaries suffer, they gradually begin to die, after the disease affects large vessels. This all affects the blood circulation. Because of this, recovery occurs, which is accompanied by tissue necrosis.
The situation is aggravated by the fact that the foot is a very active part of the body, it is constantly moving, it is constantly affected by stress. This part of the human body is very often injured. A large risk of developing the disease is attached to rubber, narrow, uncomfortable shoes, or shoes made from synthetic fibers.
Sometimes people may not notice small cracks, cuts, scratches, abrasions, bruises and even a fungus, all this has a beneficial effect on the increase in lesions, since with a lack of blood supply the protective function in the damaged areas does not work. The result of such effects is manifested in a long non-healing of wounds, and when infected, large ulcers form, which can be very difficult to get rid of without consequences, with the exception of treatment at the initial stage.
With the formation of a diabetic foot, it is very rarely possible to completely eliminate the disease, therefore, as a rule, it becomes chronic. Because of this, the patient is required to follow a diet, strictly comply with the prescription and everything that the doctor will advise. If you have any problems, you need to urgently contact the hospital.
Neuropathic
Each form of the disease is manifested by individual symptoms. For example, neuropathic is characterized by a decrease in the sensitivity of the feet, the formation of corns on them and deformation. Upon transition to a severe form in the area where the corns were, ulcers appear, which are distinguished by rounded forms.
Ischemic
The ischemic form is characterized by a weak pulse, which is almost not audible in the area of the feet. In this case, the skin becomes pale and cold, painful ulcers also appear. The shape of such ulcers is not even, their edges do not have clear boundaries.
Neuroischemic
Neuroischemic includes manifestations of both of the previous forms. In medicine, there are six stages of the disease of foot deformity:
- Temporary absence of ulcers.
- Primary ulceration.
- An advanced degree when tendon and muscle tissue is affected.
- The neglected form, in its presence, bone tissue suffers.
- The initial stage of gangrene.
- Extensive gangrene, it affects a large territory.
The first signs signaling the onset of the disease: numbness of the feet and a feeling of goosebumps on them. If such symptoms appear, consult a specialist immediately.
Diagnostics
Only a specialist can make a diagnosis by conducting a detailed examination of the patient, as well as on the basis of a diagnostic examination, which, in turn, includes a general blood test, ultrasound of the vessels, neurological examination, Doppler ultrasound, x-ray of the vessels and feet, and a biopsy of the contents of the ulcers.
On examination, body temperature, pulse, pressure and respiratory rate are measured. Next, examine the lesions and establish the degree of disease progression. For a more detailed study of the problem, the doctor can perform probing and surgical treatment of wounds.
Treatment
The first step in treatment is the normalization of blood sugar, as much depends on it, including all the negative consequences. The treatment of ischemic and neuropathic degrees are similar, their main effect is aimed at putting blood in the limbs in order. This can be done using a therapeutic or surgical method of work.
With the therapeutic method, antibacterial agents and drugs are prescribed that relieve swelling and improve blood supply. During surgery, it becomes possible to resume circulation in the vessels, without cutting the skin. This technique is performed due to puncture of arteries or distal bypass surgery. For patients, they create the most painless regimen, ulcers are carefully treated with antiseptic drugs.
With a neuropathic degree, doctors in particular focus on the return of innervation in the limbs, for this sometimes they use drugs whose action is aimed at improving metabolic processes. With untimely treatment and a neglected form of the disease, the consequences can be sad, then doctors have to decide on amputation of the limb.
An important condition for successful therapy is a complete rejection of bad habits, especially smoking. As you know, nicotine negatively affects the microvessels, it is because of this that treatment is ineffective or helps for a short period of time.
For a patient with a disease of diabetic foot, public remedies for treatment can be recommended as additional ones, since with prolonged use of traditional medicine they can provide an excellent result. Another plus of use is their mild effect, without prejudice.
To cure the diabetic foot with folk remedies, as a rule, various pharmaceutical substances of natural origin are used in the form of baths, lotions and compresses. Decoctions and infusions of pharmaceutical herbs are widely used - chamomile, sage, eucalyptus, celandine. Healing pastes are made on the basis of herbs or bee products, which are applied under a bandage for a period of a couple of minutes up to several hours.
Disease prevention
People suffering from diabetes are advised to regularly monitor their health, measure the amount of sugar in their blood, use only high-quality drugs that have passed all the research and testing.
It is important to wear comfortable shoes made of high quality material. When wearing shoes should not appear any microcracks, injuries.
Shoes should also let air through, allowing the skin to breathe. The formation of chafing and corns should be avoided to the maximum.
It will be equally important to monitor the hygiene of the feet, you can use creams and sprays to help avoid excessive sweating.
Every day, without fail, you need to thoroughly wash your feet with laundry soap, to prevent fungi, abrasions and other injuries.