As a rule, in the specialized medical literature there is a lot of information about what types of open bleeding are and how to eliminate them. But it’s internal bleeding that is much more dangerous for human life because it cannot be seen with the naked eye. Compiling the correct clinical picture in this situation is quite difficult. It consists of several signs: internal symptoms associated with a particular bleeding site and general symptoms, as evidenced by the level of blood loss.
In terms of intensity, internal bleeding is moderate, moderate and severe.
The causes of internal bleeding can be both diseases of internal organs and injuries (fracture of ribs, rupture of intercostal vessels, violation of the integrity of lung tissue).
The most common internal bleeding is pulmonary and gastrointestinal.
The primary signs of internal bleeding are pale skin and mucous membranes, increased weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting with blood clots, dark (even black) feces, cold sweat, and darkening in the eyes. In order to determine the degree of increased anemia, you need to control the pulse rate and lowering blood pressure. If the indicators change, then the bleeding intensifies. When bleeding is moderate, then it does not cause significant changes in the above indicators.
So, when a patient has pulmonary hemorrhage, the features of internal bleeding are as follows: bloody expectoration, sputum with particles of blood. In this case, the blood has a light pink tint, and the sputum itself is alkaline in its essence. An admixture of blood foams, it is excreted only with bouts of coughing. Such bleeding occurs in patients with lung cancer, mitral valve stenosis , tuberculosis, with aortic aneurysm, with pulmonary infarction and pneumonia.
When gastrointestinal bleeding occurs (hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract), bleeding can be in the area of the esophagus, stomach, and also the large and thin (less often) intestines. The causes of this type of bleeding can be varicose veins, ulcers of various nature and degree of complexity. There are many more diseases that provoke internal bleeding.
This bleeding, the signs of which depend on the location, requires an early determination of the cause. Then it will be possible to localize and stop it.
There are some rules for first aid for internal bleeding:
- If internal bleeding is suspected, an “ambulance” should be called immediately.
- It is necessary to check the health of the heart, patency of the respiratory system, to establish the heart rate.
- Ensure maximum peace of the patient and prepare for the elimination of the shock state.
- If the victim begins vomiting, turn him on his side so that he does not choke on the vomit.
- Provide a sufficient amount of air in the room, unfasten the patient's clothes and constantly calm him down.
- You can give the patient pieces of ice to swallow. You also need to put something cold on the likely site of bleeding. This should slow down the bleeding.
- It should be remembered that first aid is the initial stage. Immediately need to deliver the patient to the hospital.
Today, the newest way to detect internal bleeding is to detect the number of red blood cells (red blood cells) in the blood, as well as hemoglobin and hematocrit. If the indicators change, the bleeding intensifies. Also, methods of diagnosing this type of bleeding are puncture of the posterior wall of the vagina, as well as radiography.