Austria has a rich cultural past and present. Its inhabitants honor their traditions, hold many festivals and other events. Austrian classics have made a great contribution to the development of the culture of mankind. The musical world of this country is especially famous. However, in the field of literature there are very popular names.
19th Century Classical Writers and Poets: List
- Adalbert Stift.
- Johann Nepomuk Nestroy.
- Carl Emil Franzoz
- Ludwig Antsengruber.
- Leopold von Sacher-Masoch.
- Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach.
- Nikolaus Lenau.
- Peter Rosegger
- Ferdinand Raimund
- Franz Grilparzer.
- Ferdinand von Saar.
- Charles Silsfield.
Features of Austrian culture
Austrian poetry is peculiar and unusual. It has its own unique language and style, special ways and techniques of conveying the meaning of life.
It was in the 19th century in Austria that an internal ideological and moral unity of culture took shape. The Austrian classics of this century have reached extraordinary heights in all areas of art.
It is impossible to understand the culture of such an amazing country if you read or listen to the works of these creators superficially and indifferently. It is very important to understand their essence, deep meaning. Only then will creations open from an amazing perspective.
If you âbreak throughâ the dry and rough surface of Franz Grillparzerâs poetry, you can get inside his world.
If we overcome the lengthy descriptions of Adalbert Stifter, then every word will be perceived as indescribably expressive and reverently subtle. Deep meaning lies in the poetry of George Trakl. If you overcome the external incoherence of his lines, then this poet will become extremely interesting for many.
Austrian classics seem to purposely surround their world with a protective layer against the bad taste, freshness and vulgarity that was widespread in the 19th century (and not only).
A true creator will not leave his work to the mercy of fate. Itâs easier for him to be misunderstood today. Let it happen later. But he does not want to be misunderstood at all.
19th century Austrian literature
The 19th century is an âbourgeoisâ era for Austria. Especially in the second half of this century there is a split in the cultural life of the country. The main direction is entertainment. It is not surprising why the Vienna operetta is conquering the whole world. In the second half of the 19th century, the concept of "Viennese folk theater" loses its former meaning. It is quite obvious that in such conditions literature arose on behalf of the people. It was literature in which German and Slavic cultural elements were closely intertwined.
The Slavic theme was very exciting for the writers of Austria. The historical tragedy "The Happiness and Death of King Ottokar" is an outstanding work of its time. It was written by the Austrian writer Franz Grilparzer. He also owns the wonderful drama Libus. In the work of Adalbert Stifter, the Slavic theme occupies a significant place.
Maria von Ebner-Eschenbach is another outstanding writer. She had a direct relationship with the Slavs: she came from an aristocratic clan of Dubskys.
The great writers of Austria in such a difficult time dreamed of friendship and peace between nations. All this was directly reflected in their excellent works.
Brief information about Austrian poets
Austrian poets made a great contribution to the development of the culture of their country. Their wonderful works are loved by those readers who understood and appreciated their work.
Georg Trakl (1887-1914) lived, as we see, very little. Only 27 years old. He was born in Salzburg on February 3, 1887. He began to write poetry from his school years. He owns such plays: âDay of Obedienceâ, âFata Morganaâ, âMaria Magdaleneâ, âCountry of Dreamsâ. From 1910 to 1911 he served in the army. Since 1912 it has been a member of the literary community Pan. A year later, his first collection of poems was published. In 1914 he was drafted into the army. He saw with his own eyes the horror of war. His psyche could not stand it, and he committed suicide.
Rene Carl Maria Rilke lived in 1875-1926. Since 1894, his first stories have been published, as well as the collection Life and Songs.
Two years later, his second collection, âVictims of Laramas,â was released. In 1897 he visited Venice, and then Berlin, in which he settled. Here he creates three more poetry collections. The writer Lou Andreas-Salome had a great influence on him. In 1899 he came to Russia. Here he met Leonid Pasternak, Ilya Repin, Leo Tolstoy, Boris Pasternak and many other artists.
Since 1901 he moved to Paris. Until his death, he corresponded with Marina Tsvetaeva, whom he never met. He died in 1926.
Stefan Zweig
The writer Zweig Stefan (1881-1942) is an outstanding Austrian classic. Born in Vienna. In 1905 he went to Paris. Since 1906 he travels to Italy, Spain, India, USA, Cuba. In the years 1917-1918 he lives in Switzerland. After the war, settles not far from Salzburg. In 1901, his first book, Silver Strings, was published. He was friendly with such outstanding cultural figures as Rilke, Rolland, Mazerel, Roden, Mann, Hesse, Wells and many others. During the war years he wrote an essay on Rolland - "The Conscience of Europe." The author became widely known thanks to his short stories Amok, Confusion of Feelings, and Chess Novel. Zweig often created interesting biographies, masterfully worked with historical documents. In 1935 he wrote the book "The Triumph and Tragedy of Erasmus of Rotterdam." February 22, 1942 with his wife took a large dose of sleeping pills and died. He categorically did not accept this world.
Composers of Austria
Austrian classic composers arouse many people's associations with entire areas of art. The very list of talented composers and musicians of Austria is staggering in its scope. It:
- Franz Joseph Haydn.
- Johann Nepomuk Gummel.
- Karl Dittersdorf.
- Simon Zechter.
- Leopold Mozart.
- Ignaz Holzbauer.
- Anselm HĂźttenbrenner.
- Karl Czerny.
- Johann Schenck.
- Anton Eberl.
- Franz Schubert.
- Wolfgang Mozart.
- Alban Berg.
- Anton Bruckner.
- Ignaz Bruhl.
- Anton von Webern.
- Egon Welles.
- Hans Gal.
- Herman Grabner.
- Johann Nepomuk David.
- Franz von Zuppe.
- Fritz Kreisler.
- Wilhelm Kinzl.
- Joseph Lanner
- Joseph Messner.
- Felix Motl.
- Karl Millaker.
- Sigismund Thalberg.
- Karl Rankl.
- Leo Fall.
- Karl Zeller
- Arnold Schoenberg.
- Joseph Strauss.
- Johann Strauss.
- Gustav Mahler.
- Hans Erich Apostel.
- Friedrich Wildgans.
- Franz Salmhofer.
- Ernst Kshenek.
Franz Joseph Haydn
Austrian composer, the brightest representative of the Viennese classical school. Different genres were subject to him. He wrote 104 symphonies, 83 quartets, 52 piano sonatas, as well as oratorios, operas and masses in his legacy. He was born March 31, 1732 in Rorau. Early mastered playing several instruments at once. In the period 1759-1761. served with Count Morzin, and then took the post of vice-bandmaster at the court of Prince Esterhazy. At the beginning of the service, he composed mainly instrumental music. This is the triptych of the symphonies âMorningâ, âNoonâ, âEvening and Stormâ. In the late 1660s and early 1670s, he wrote serious and dramatic symphonies. Of particular note are the âComplaintâ, âFuneralâ, âSufferingâ, âFarewellâ. During this period he wrote eighteen string quartets. Haydn Joseph also wrote operas. The most famous are âPharmacistâ, âDeceived Infidelityâ, âMoon Worldâ, âRewarded Fidelityâ, âRoland Paladinâ, âArmidaâ. In 1787, he wrote six quartets. Researchers note that they were created under the influence of concerts by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. After the death of Prince Esterhazy (1790), Haydn received creative freedom and the opportunity to travel to other cities. In London, he created the last twelve symphonies. He died in Vienna on March 31, 1809.
Conclusion
Thus, the Austrian classics made a great contribution to the development of the culture of mankind. Austrian poetry is distinguished by its unusual language and style. In order to understand the culture of this amazing country, to read or listen to the works of art of its classics, you need to carefully and carefully, trying to catch their essence. And creations will open from an unexpected angle.