Benzatin benzylpenicillin is an antibiotic and belongs to the penicillin group. It is used to treat all kinds of infectious diseases caused by bacteria vulnerable to its action. In this article, we will detail the instructions for use, indications and contraindications for taking the drug, and also list several analogues.
Benzatin benzylpenicillin: drug description
This drug is one of the first antibiotics of the penicillin group. Despite the very long term of use, it has not lost its relevance due to the wide spectrum of action and ability to destroy a variety of pathogenic bacteria. A drug, for example, can cope with anthrax, meningococci, syphilis, and many streptococci and staphylococci. It is injected, since benzathine benzylpenicillin is not absorbed in the digestive tract.
The prescription in Latin is often prescribed by doctors, and then it is difficult for the patient to understand what he was prescribed. To avoid this misunderstanding, you just need to know the name of the drug in this language - Benzathine benzylpenicillinum.
Typically, the drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. But it is possible that the drug enters the body through the spinal canal, subcutaneously or through the affected area.
Benzylpenicillin is an antibiotic consisting of the same active substance. But it is part of the drug in the form of salts. So the substance can be stored for a very long time, without decaying. And after the introduction of benzylpenicillin into the body, it is released from salts and begins its antibacterial effect.
Depending on the salt in which the active substance is located, several types of preparation are distinguished. Despite this, they all have approximately the same effect, but differ in the methods of administration and the duration of the effect.
Indications
Benzatin benzylpenicillin is prescribed for the following diseases:
- Infectious lesions of the respiratory organs (pleurisy, pneumonia, bronchitis, empyema of the pleura , etc.).
- Diseases of the genitourinary system (syphilis, gonorrhea, urethritis, cystitis, adnexitis, salpingitis).
- Infections of ENT organs (scarlet fever, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media, sinusitis, laryngitis, etc.).
- Purulent infections of the visual organs, bones and skin, mucous membranes (blenorrhea, dacryocystitis, blepharitis, osteomyelitis, mediastinitis, erysipelas, phlegmon, wound infections, etc.).
- Abscess of the brain.
- Purulent meningitis.
- Septicemia, sepsis.
- Arthritis
- Peritonitis.
- Diseases caused by spirochetes (frambesia, anthrax, etc.).
- Fever caused by a rat bite.
- Infections caused by listeria, clostridia, pasteurella.
In addition, the drug is prescribed for prophylactic purposes in case of postoperative complications and complications of streptococcal infections (endocarditis, rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, etc.).
Pharmacokinetics
Benzatin benzylpenicillin (in Latin Benzathine benzylpenicillinum) immediately after administration begins to disintegrate, releasing the active substance. In this case, the drug remains in the blood for the next 3 weeks after the injection. A substance penetrates much better in a liquid than in a tissue. It should be borne in mind that benzylpenicillin is able to overcome the placental barrier and end up in the milk of a nursing mother. It is excreted through the kidneys unchanged. In the first 8 days, approximately 33% of the administered dose is released.
Pregnancy and lactation
As already noted above, the drug is able to penetrate the placental barrier and pass into breast milk. Therefore, when prescribing the drug, breastfeeding should be discontinued.
During pregnancy, the appointment of a drug is possible only if the benefit for the woman exceeds the risks for the baby. The decision should be made by the doctor, warning the expectant mother about all the possible consequences.
Contraindications
Benzatin benzylpenicillin (only a doctor can prescribe a prescription) has a number of contraindications. It can not be assigned to people with the following ailments:
- Intolerance to penicillins or cephalosporins, an allergic reaction to them.
- High levels of potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia).
- Arrhythmia.
- Hay fever.
- Asthma is bronchial.
- Renal failure.
- Pseudomembranous colitis.
With caution, the drug is prescribed for children up to six months and premature.
Side effects
Benzatin benzylpenicillin can cause a number of undesirable effects, we list them below.
Various allergic manifestations:
- temperature rise;
- hives;
- rashes on the mucous membranes and skin;
- joint pain
- eosinophilia;
- erythema multiforme;
- Quincke's edema;
- exfoliative dermatitis ;
- anaphylactic shock.
Adverse reactions of the cardiovascular system:
- thrombocytopenia;
- anemia;
- violation of coagulation;
- leukopenia.
Besides:
- stomatitis;
- headaches;
- glossitis;
- pain in the area of administration;
- abscesses;
- infiltrates;
- peripheral nephritis;
- fistulas.
With prolonged use, harmful fungi and microorganisms can develop resistance, and then the drug will lose its effectiveness.
Benzatin benzylpenicillin: instructions for use
For patients over 12 years of age, the drug is administered once a week at a dosage of 300 to 600 thousand units or twice a month for 1.2 million units for the treatment of infectious ailments.
As a preventive measure for rheumatism, they inject the drug for 6 weeks, once a week, 600 thousand units. In this case, acetylsalicylic acid or other NSAIDs are simultaneously prescribed.
For patients under 12 years of age, the drug is administered once a week at the rate of 5-10 thousand units per 1 kg.
At least 8 days should elapse between injections. The average dosage is 2.3 million units.
Before use, the drug is dissolved in physiological saline, special water for injection or novocaine (2.5% or 5%).
The drug administered can be in the following ways:
- intramuscularly;
- intravenous;
- subcutaneous
- lumbar (through the spinal canal);
- pleural (via pulmonary pleura);
- subconjunctival (through ocular tissue);
- drip through the ear;
- drip through the nose;
- directly into the tissue of the affected organ.
Combination with other drugs
Benzatin benzylpenicillin (the instructions indicate this directly) may interact with other drugs. In this case, benzylpenicillin itself can have the following effects: synergistic, antagonistic and bacteriostatic.
In addition, the drug increases the effectiveness of drugs related to indirect anticoagulants. And reduces the effectiveness of ethinyl estradiol and various oral contraceptives.
Use together with NSAIDs, allopurinol, diuretics leads to a decrease in tubular secretion and an increase in the concentration of the active substance. In addition, allopurinol greatly increases the risk of allergic reactions.
Precautionary measures
Be sure to conduct an aspiration test before the first injection . If the drug accidentally enters the vessels, then ischemia or embolism may occur. In addition, there may be a feeling of anxiety, depression, short-term visual impairment.
In cases where it is necessary to make two injections at a time, the medicine is administered in different buttocks or hands.
When the first allergic manifestations appear, it is urgent to interrupt therapy. According to the circumstances, the doctor may prescribe antiallergenic drugs.
Often with benzylpenicillin prescribed "Levorin" or "Nystatin", as there is a risk of fungal lesions. That is why, with prolonged drug therapy, suppression of intestinal microflora can occur, which produces vitamins of group B. In connection with this, these vitamins can be prescribed for intramuscular administration.
special instructions
Benzatin benzylpenicillin is prescribed with extreme caution to patients who have various impaired renal function, have a predisposition to allergic manifestations, with high sensitivity to the active substance. The final decision always remains with the attending physician, who must have a good knowledge of the history of his patient.
It is not recommended to prescribe a drug for the treatment of neurosyphilis, since with this disease the desired concentration of the active substance in the patient’s blood cannot be achieved.
Analogs
There are other drugs that have the same effect as benzathine, benzylpenicillin. Analogs, of course, also belong to the penicillin group. We list the most famous and effective:
- "Gramox-D" - is available in the form of a powder intended for dilution and oral administration.
- "Amosin" - is made in capsules, tablets and powder for oral administration.
- "Ospen" - is made in the form of syrup.
- "Hikontsil" - is available in the form of capsules and powder for oral administration.
- Sodium azlocillin is a powdery substance from which a solution for intravenous injection is made.
- "Ampicillin" - is available in tablets, capsules, granules, the latter are made into a suspension and taken orally.
- "Ecobol" - is made in tablets.
- Ospamox - is made in the form of tablets, capsules and powder for oral administration.
- "Phenoxymethylpenicillin" - available in tablets, dragees, granules and powder.
- "Star-Pen" - is made in the form of granules, which are diluted and taken orally.
- "Oxacillin" - is made in the form of tablets, capsules, powder, from which a solution for injection is prepared.
- "Standacillin" - available in capsules.
- Sodium carbenicillin disodium - is produced in the form of a powder for the manufacture of an injection solution.
Thus, despite the rather long use of the drug in medicine, it still remains one of the most effective means against various infections.