The most popular fruit trees after the apple tree are pear trees. Each gardener, as far as possible, tries to plant this culture in his personal plot. However, when planting, the climatic zone should be taken into account. Not every variety can be cultivated in central Russia. For example, Moscow region conditions are not so favorable for planting garden plants.
But you should not despair, as the breeders carried out laborious work in order to create frost-resistant seedlings that are also resistant to various diseases. At the moment, specialists have managed to develop autumn and winter pear varieties for harsh regions. Today's review is dedicated to this topic. From it you will draw valuable and informative information that meets the requirements of any amateur summer resident.
Autumn views
Varieties of winter and autumn pears in taste are not inferior to summer ones. Fruit ripening begins in the second decade of September. Adult plants give a great excellent harvest, which can be stored for a long time in cool rooms. At the same time, their juiciness and integrity are not lost.
Marble
Early autumn fruits bred by the breeding method - by crossing the "forest beauty" and the "coast of Michurin." Inherent in high productivity for 6-7 years. Requires regular watering. According to the reviews of summer residents, this species perfectly tolerates low temperatures. Also, people noted the pleasant taste of the fruit: the flesh is granular, very tender, melting and sweet.
"Bere Bosk"
French autumn-winter varieties of pears for the middle strip are deservedly enjoying enormous popularity in our country. Widely used on an industrial scale. It adapts well to different soils and tolerates the first frosts, but it gives better productivity on fertile lands. Ripening is observed already in early autumn. Fruits are stored until December in refrigerators.
According to experienced biologists and amateur gardeners, the most valuable quality of this variety is that the plant is practically not affected by a fungal disease (scab). Pleased with the fruits, which are large in size, attractive shape, a pleasant yellow tint, thick oily flesh and a delicious tart aroma.
"Elegant Efimova"
In the course of many years of work, breeders managed to create autumn-winter pear varieties for the Moscow region. Proof of this is the high-yielding variety "elegant Efimova" justifying such a beautiful name. It has elongated yellow-green fruits with a bright blush, creamy juicy pulp and a characteristic odor.
In 1989, in Erfurt, the variety was awarded a gold award for quality and pleasant taste. The main advantages include excellent resistance to fungal diseases and frosts, as well as unpretentiousness. This is one of the few autumn varieties suitable for cultivation in mid-latitudes.
Most summer residents are happy to grow it in their personal plots. People give positive ratings to crop quality. The main thing is to prevent over-ripening, otherwise the pulp will be powdery and dry. After harvesting, the fruits lie for about two weeks in a cool place with a constant temperature not exceeding + 15 ° C.
"Favorite of Yakovlev"
User reviews say the following: it is one of the most reliable winter resistance varieties with a large crown and sour-sweet fruits. He annually gives the owners a great harvest - he begins to bear fruit in the sixth year. Already in early autumn, you can enjoy delicious, juicy and meaty pears. You can collect unripe fruits, put them in wooden boxes, wrapped in paper, and store for two months in a cool room.
Varieties of winter ripening
Winter pear varieties, along with autumn ones, delight with astringent taste and freshness. They are successfully cultivated in the suburbs, because they tolerate lower temperatures, are stored longer under the right conditions and are unpretentious in care.
"May Day"
It is undemanding to soil soils, tolerates drought, frosts and is practically not susceptible to fungal diseases. All these factors, according to gardeners, are fundamental. And most importantly - the fruits do not lose freshness for 250 days. They have an attractive appearance with a slight waxy coating. Surprising taste.
Ukrainian pear variety "Artyomovskaya winter"
Bred this hybrid in Donetsk. Flowering occurs in the second decade of December. A tree with a wide crown. The fruit does not deteriorate even at subzero temperatures. The plant tolerates heat and drought. No special care required. The fruits are large, weighing 250 g. The color is bright yellow, with a pleasant red blush. Very few winter pear varieties for the middle strip can boast such advantages as this one. Amateur gardeners and large industrial enterprises select it. There are no problems with transportation and storage (does not spoil until February). According to experts, its productivity is simply amazing.
"November winter"
This pear was able to be bred by hybridization of the varieties "Triumph of Vienna" and "Nikolai Krueger". He was widely publicized in European countries for his amazing qualities and long-term preservation. It looks like a medium-sized tree with a spreading crown and large elongated fruits reaching a weight of up to 500 g. It is not exposed to bacterial damage and scab.
You can recognize the fruits of this variety by the dense skin of a pale yellow hue - there is a small pink. You can harvest the first crop in four years and enjoy the quantity. Planting trees is allowed next to quince crops. Storage of pears of winter varieties should be carried out in the cellar until spring, while the fruits do not change their taste and do not deteriorate, which is another significant advantage.
"Belarusian late"
The Belarusian variety is obtained from the seeds of the winter variety "Good Louise". When they talk about the best winter varieties of pears, they also mention "Belarusian late". It will please with high winter hardiness, a small crown, complex resistance to various diseases and long-term preservation. After planting the first crop, expect no earlier than five years later.
Reviews about this species are numerous and almost all in a positive way. According to summer residents, the tree brings a stable and large crop annually. At the same time, the quality does not suffer, the sweet pulp of the fruit just melts in your mouth and gives you complete pleasure.
"Charles Konye"
Many winter pear varieties for the Moscow region were developed by French specialists. "Charles Konye" - an amazing view, not afraid of sub-zero temperatures (up to -9 ° C). The fruits are harvested in early October. Fruits have an unusually delicate texture and chocolate flavor.
"Northerner"
Designed specifically for harsh climate zones. A fairly popular and popular variety that grows on various soils, including clay ones. The tree is voluminous, requiring constant pruning. Fruiting is observed in the third year after planting. Harvesting a lot.
Fruits are yellow in color and medium in size. This is one of the favorite varieties of gardeners, since the fruits have a fine-grained and delicate structure. Mistresses from them cook excellent canned goods and desserts. Not all winter varieties of pears are so revered by the chefs. After heat treatment, the fruits do not change shape, remain as tasty and healthy.
"Dekanka winter"
Differently called "duchess winter." This is a massive tree with a branched wide crown of leaves. Fruiting occurs very early and occurs regularly. Fruits are large, tuberous, of significant volume. Despite their impressive size, they hold tight to the tree in small bunches, without falling for a long time.
The smell exudes very faint. The skin is smooth, beautiful light amber shade. The pulp is whitish, fleshy and sweet. The main advantages of summer residents include long-term safety, good transportation, frost resistance.
How to store winter varieties of pears at home?
The duration of storage will directly depend on the degree of maturity. So that the fruits do not lose their original appearance, elasticity, characteristic oily structure and juiciness, they should be torn off at the recommended time. Winter pear varieties have different ripening periods. Many believe that green fruits ripen in refrigerators, but this is not the case.
The flesh simply hardens and becomes unusable. This is practiced by unscrupulous exporters who want to make a profit without worrying about the quality of the product sold. It should be noted that each species has its own individual storage temperature. Early fall should be kept in a room with a temperature of + 3 ° C for no more than two months, at -1 ° C the period can be extended up to 150 days.
Before storing pears of winter varieties, suitable conditions should be created: the humidity in the room should not be lower than 85%, and the approximate temperature should be 1-2 ° C. It is better to put pears in special containers or containers made of natural material. So that the fruits do not crumple and do not deform, they must be folded in a diagonal or checkerboard fashion. The bottom of the box is covered with paper or shavings.
Digest
According to the observations of experienced agronomists and amateur gardeners who have been planting winter species of pears for many years, the most suitable varieties for the Moscow region are Severyanka, Late Belorussian, and Artyomovskaya winter. These varieties perfectly tolerate low temperatures (up to -10 ), give high productivity, tasty fruits and are absolutely not demanding in leaving. Skeletal branches are practically not susceptible to diseases and sunburn.
Thanks to biologists, people have the opportunity to plant the best varieties of pears in their own area, regardless of place of residence. The study of the assortment of winter-hardy pears that would be suitable for cultivation in the middle latitudes of Russia is still ongoing. And gardeners can only get updated and improved varieties. Do not forget that every fruit plant requires care: regular watering, pruning and top dressing.