Rectal fissure: treatment, symptoms, causes, prevention

An anal fissure is an injury to the rectal mucosa. The clinical picture accompanying the pathology can be quite diverse. But, regardless of the manifestations, it is necessary to consult a doctor. Since it should be prescribed to a patient who has a rectal fissure, treatment. Symptoms of the disease are quite painful. The patient is constantly experiencing discomfort. That is why it is important not to delay a visit to the doctor.

So, consider what a rectal fissure is. Treatment, symptoms, causes and methods of prevention - all this will be considered in the review.

The characteristic of the disease

A rectal fissure is a longitudinal rupture, a wound or an ulcer spontaneously arising on the mucosa. It is localized between the dentate line and the edge of the anal canal. Often a crack is located on the walls of the channel. In length, it can reach 2 cm.

Pathology can occur in any person, regardless of age. But most often the disease is observed in women or in men of advanced years.

It is necessary to pay timely attention to such a pathology as a rectal fissure. Treatment, symptoms can not be ignored. A disease that lasts for a long time leads to unpleasant consequences. Connective tissue along the edges of the crack begin to grow and condense. As a result, anal tubercles form, from which a fibrous polyp is able to form.

Causes of occurrence

Consider, as a result of which the rectum is injured . Inflammation can occur for many reasons.

Most often, cracks are provoked by the following factors:

1. Childbirth. The area of ​​the anus is very tense. As a result, tearing of the mucosa may occur.
2. Improper postpartum behavior. The first stool is recommended to be called an enema. You can use laxatives.
3. Weight lifting. This process causes severe pressure on the rectum.
4. Injury fecal masses (solid). In this case, infection of the damaged area may be observed.
5. Mechanical injuries. They are caused by the improper use of enemas, diagnostic tools. The culprit of the disease can be anal sex.
6. Pathological processes of the pelvis.
7. Vascular changes. Quite often, hemorrhoids and rectal fissures are diagnosed together. The causes of the pathology can be hidden in ischemia of the mucosa, spasm of the sphincter.
8. Wrong way of life. Inactivity, sedentary work lead to impaired blood flow in the pelvis. This contributes to cracking.
9. Poor nutrition. Excess in the diet of meat, hot seasonings, alcohol, as well as a lack of fiber lead to a difficult emptying process. As a result, cracks may form.

Forms of pathology

Depending on the course of the disease, two types of pathology such as a rectal fissure are distinguished. Treatment, symptoms completely depend on the form of the disease. Therefore, consider them.

Doctors distinguish the following types:

1. Acute form. The pain with this pathology is sharp, but not long. It occurs at the time of bowel movement. After 20 minutes, the discomfort goes away on its own.
2. Chronic form. Most often, pain appears after bowel movement and is continuous. Sometimes discomfort torments the patient for hours. Pain can occur after a long sitting. In some cases, in chronic form, such discomfort may be completely absent.

Characteristic symptoms

The disease has few clinical signs. But they are enough for the patient to experience real torment if the rectum is injured.

Acute inflammation is manifested by the following symptoms:

1. Strong pain. Its intensity can be so high that a person is able to lose his temper. The discomfort is pulsating. This is provoked by spasm of the sphincter.
2. Fear of another bowel movement. Fearing the occurrence of repeated pain, the patient deliberately delays the defecation process or resorts to laxative drugs.
3. The presence of blood. Scarlet blood may be released during bowel movements. Jet bleeding is extremely rare.
4. Discomfort during examination. The patient experiences pain if touching the back of the canal occurs.

Anal fissure of the rectum, flowing in a chronic form, has a number of symptoms:

1. Pain. Its appearance may be preceded by many reasons: bowel movement, severe straining, violation of the diet. Unlike the discomfort characteristic of the acute form, the pain syndrome is quite tolerable.
2. Sphincter spasms are mild. Therefore, the pain is not sharp burning in nature.
3. The defecation process is accompanied by the presence of blood.
4. When examined by a doctor, compacted and raised edges are revealed.

Treatment methods

There are several methods to combat the disease. The choice of treatment depends entirely on the nature of the disease and clinical manifestations. Only the doctor can prescribe the necessary methods after examining the patient.

A patient for getting rid of rectal fissures may be recommended:

1. Conservative treatment. Medications and physiotherapy, backed by diet, can eliminate pain and heal cracks.
2. Minimally invasive method. Laser removal of pathology.
3. Surgical method.

Alternative methods are also able to help a patient who has a rectal fissure. Treatment at home can only be undertaken after consultation with a doctor.

Conservative therapy

To combat the disease, the following measures are recommended:

1. Dietary nutrition. The patient needs to remove acidic, salty foods from his diet. It is recommended to exclude the use of alcohol and refuse tobacco products. Black bread, vegetables, fruits, buckwheat, oatmeal are useful. Nutrition should be aimed at getting rid of constipation.
2. Warm baths. Hydrotherapy perfectly helps in the fight against the disease, especially in the acute stage. You can use dry heat in the form of a heating pad.
3. Physiotherapy. These are helper methods. The patient is prescribed: diathermy, darsonvalization, UHF. Such events relieve sphincter spasms, reduce the severity of pain, stimulate wound healing.
4. Therapeutic enemas. These measures are recommended during constipation. This procedure should be carried out before each bowel movement for 2 weeks.

In addition to such events, the patient is recommended medication. As a rule, it consists of the following drugs:

1. Candles For rectal fissures, the following suppositories can be prescribed: Ultra-Proct, Posterisan, Natalsid, Proctosan, Salofalk, Relief. An excellent effect will provide candles with sea buckthorn, propolis.
2. Ointments. Significant relief can bring drugs: Ultraprokt, Proctozan, Levomekol, Solcoseryl, Posterisan forte, Bezornil, Esculius, Relief. An excellent effect will provide nitroglycerin ointment.

Surgery

If the conservative method did not give the desired results, then the patient is recommended surgical intervention. It is carried out in several ways. The choice is determined by the doctor analyzing the patient's condition and the characteristics of the disease.

The following operations are most common:

1. Excision of a rectal fissure. The essence of this intervention is to remove coarsened edges on the damaged surface. Such an operation provides speedy healing. But, unfortunately, after it, cracks can form again.
2. Sphincterotomy This is a modern surgical method that has worked well in pathologies such as rectal fissures. The operation involves cutting the lateral fibers for relaxation. This technique is very effective. However, it can cause some complications, such as fecal incontinence, the formation of fistulas, and bleeding.

Treatment with folk remedies

We should not forget about the old recipes, which from ancient times healed the fissure of the rectum.

Home treatment may be as follows:

1. Means for internal use. Benefit will bring tincture of peony. It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties.
2. For outdoor use. An effective folk remedy for the treatment of anal fissures is propolis.
3. Compresses Grated beets and carrots are mixed in equal amounts. To this composition add fresh pork or bovine bile in the ratio (a mixture of carrots, beets - 3 parts, bile - 1 part). This product is placed on a clean cloth and put a compress for 15 minutes.

Disease prevention

To prevent the development of such a painful ailment, doctors recommend that you follow a few simple rules:

1. Hygiene measures. After visiting the toilet, wash the area of ​​the anus with cool water.
2. Proper nutrition. Eliminate the intake of convenience foods, fast foods, excessively fatty foods. Avoid spicy and fried foods. Do not abuse alcohol.
3. Proper use of the toilet. It is highly recommended not to sit on the toilet for a long time. If after 2-3 minutes the bowel movement did not occur, postpone this event. Get up, walk, and try again in a few minutes.
4. Empty your intestines in a timely manner. Go to the toilet at the first urge. Do not delay the bowel movement.
5. Go in for sports. Recommended: walking, running, yoga, swimming. This advice is especially important for those people who are forced to stay in a sitting position for a long time.

Remember that you can defeat almost any ailment if you consult a doctor in a timely manner and fully comply with the treatment prescribed by him.