An abscess of the brain is a dangerous condition in which a local accumulation of purulent masses is observed in the cranial cavity. A similar pathology is manifested due to the influence of various factors of the external and internal environment, but in any case, the patient requires immediate medical attention.
Brain abscess: causes
In fact, a purulent process can occur for various reasons. In approximately 20% of cases, the infection enters the brain tissue from the external environment, which happens with open craniocerebral injuries. An abscess in the brain can be a complication after surgery.
However, most often the infection enters the brain tissue from other foci of inflammation in the body. In particular, an abscess is often the result of a purulent process in the sinuses. Sometimes the cause is otitis media. In addition, pathogens can be carried along with blood flow from virtually any source of infection.
Brain abscess and its varieties
The classification of such processes depends on the location of the pus accumulation:
- With epidural abscesses, a purulent focus is located above the surface of the hard shell of the brain.
- A subdural abscess is accompanied by an accumulation of pus under the dura mater.
- With intracerebral processes, pus is formed directly in the tissues of the brain.
Brain abscess: symptoms
Such a disease, as a rule, begins acutely. In the first few days, the main symptoms of intoxication of the body appear . A sick person complains of weakness, loss of appetite, drowsiness. There is also an increase in body temperature, chills, body aches.
As the disease develops, the amount of pus increases - there is an increase in intracranial pressure, which causes other characteristic symptoms. In particular, a brain abscess is accompanied by severe headaches, vomiting, sometimes convulsions and epileptic seizures. Other disturbances are possible depending on the location of the purulent accumulations. For example, with this condition, damage to the optic nerves, mental disorders, a decrease in heart rate, etc. are often observed.
In any case, it is extremely important to consult a doctor on time. The fact is that in the absence of treatment, necrosis of nerve tissues begins, which, of course, is dangerous not only for health, but also for the life of the patient.
Brain abscess: treatment
As already mentioned, the most common cause of abscess formation is a bacterial infection. Therefore, in the initial stages of the development of the disease, appropriate therapy with antibiotics is performed. The choice of drugs in this case depends on the variety of the pathogen and its sensitivity to a particular group of antibacterial drugs. Patients are also prescribed vitamins and nootropic drugs.
In more severe cases, surgical intervention is indicated - during the operation, the surgeon carefully removes the capsule with pus. After surgical treatment, antibiotic therapy is additionally carried out. With timely initiation of treatment, the prognosis for patients is quite favorable.