The complex of symptoms of severe inflammation in the abdominal region is often called the Mondor Triad, in honor of the French surgeon. The disease is relatively rare, but doctors should easily determine the type of ailment. With this description, they suggest developed perforation of the internal organs, also called perforated ulcer. The problem organs are the stomach or duodenum.
What do the symptoms include?
The Mondor Triad is described as a combination of acute conditions in the upper abdomen. The French surgeon examined critical conditions in patients requiring urgent resuscitation. It is impossible to procrastinate in such cases, we are talking about saving a person’s life.
The Mondor Triad in the writings of a practicing surgeon-researcher (1885-1962) includes 3 types of clinical symptoms:
- Acute unbearable pain in the upper abdomen. The malaise does not go away. Also, the mismatch of the pulse to the body temperature is manifested.
- The effect of the platform in the area of the press, a constrained state. Cramps often prevent breathing normally.
- Symptoms of malaise that accurately indicate a problem place - the stomach or duodenum.
The Mondor Triad allows doctors to more accurately diagnose a similar gastric ulcer. According to clinical symptoms, they immediately proceed to surgical intervention, so the time to search for the causes of malaise is reduced. Surgeons begin to help immediately without additional tests.
Additional signs of malaise
The Mondor triad with perforated ulcer is unexplored in relation to the formation of a critical condition of the patient. Scientists make only assumptions. The leading point is the violation of the immune system, as a result of which the ulcerative process is launched.
The formation of perforation can be easily confused with other complications similar in symptoms:
- symptom of acute pancreatitis;
- developed cholecystitis;
- intestinal obstruction;
- renal colic;
- appendicitis.
If one of the listed complications is detected, a diagnosis is made on the Mondor triad. If the latter condition takes place, then the patient is urgently sent to the clinic. During transportation, unforeseen circumstances often arise that require measures to save a person. Therefore, in an ambulance, the patient is carefully monitored.
Men are more prone to perforation, and the disease appears in a completely healthy person for no apparent reason. There are complications at the site of malaise: in the abdominal cavity of the free region, damage to the walls of the stomach, retroperitoneal space.
Diagnosing ailments
A differentiated examination reveals the listed complications according to the symptoms studied. So, acute cholecystitis is determined by the initial signs: pain in the upper part of the stomach, it often gives off to the right upper body. A sick person has a high body temperature, vomiting persists until bile is secreted. However, in the early stages, muscle tightening of the abdominal wall is not palpable.
The symptom of acute pancreatitis has periodic recurrence. Vomiting, girdle pains are observed. The muscles are relaxed, the patient feels uncomfortable conditions in the kidneys. With this complication, surgical intervention is not required, treatment is carried out in a medication way.
Intestinal obstruction is characterized by bloating and lower abdomen. There is a lack of feces, colic due to accumulation of gases. Pain appears and disappears randomly.
Appendicitis occurs with acute and dull pain on the right side. Elevated body temperature does not subside, when feeling the abdomen, the patient feels lumbago. The peritoneal muscles are tense. Renal colic is comparable in symptoms with obstruction, but the patient has frequent bowel movements and vomiting.
Description of the development of clinical signs
A critical condition is formed suddenly. It all starts with unbearable pain, which is difficult to bear even for an adult man. At this moment, any movement immediately gives into the nerve endings, the abdominal muscles are overstrained, the person is immobilized. Vomiting and severe weakness are observed for about 6 hours, then can feel better. But not for long, after 12 hours, everything repeats.
The calm phase often takes place in an ambulance. If the attack recurs again, it will be difficult for the patient to help on the way. The stage of inflammation is defined as peritonitis. The task of medical personnel is to overcome the consequences of such a complication.
Causes of critical condition
The Mondor triad in pancreatitis appears due to destruction in the walls of the internal organs of the digestive system. Peaks of inflammatory processes occur in the offseason. Peptic ulcers belong to the main sources of perforation.
The provocateurs of such states are:
- The walls of the internal organs suffer from increased intra-abdominal pressure due to injuries, physical training.
- An ulcer appears due to stress, psychological stress.
- Digestion begins from hunger, malnutrition.
- Medicines can thin the walls of the intestines and stomach.
How to deal with a complication?
Acute perforation conditions, such as peritonitis, are eliminated in the operating room. The main task is to reduce the gap between the onset of the attack and first aid as soon as possible. Dangerous moments are when transportation to the hospital takes more than 3 hours.
The entrained contents are extracted through a perforation with a special probe. It is strictly forbidden to rinse the stomach and move the patient on their own. He is delivered to the clinic on a stretcher. The surgeon needs complete information from the ambulance staff about first aid procedures.