It is very difficult to treat mental illness or defined conditions, because this sphere of the human body is completely special. The doctor must clearly identify the problem in order to prescribe quality treatment. Such drugs as Etaperazin, its analogues are quite popular in the treatment of many conditions associated with problems in the human mental area.
Antipsychotics - why and for what
There are a lot of drugs prescribed by a psychiatrist according to the revealed indications. They, like all medicines, are divided into groups in a certain order. One of these groups is antipsychotics. In the middle of the 20th century, the drug Chlorperazine was used to stop allergy attacks. His ability to act as a sedative was soon discovered. From this point on, one can talk about the appearance in medical practice of antipsychotics - classical, or, in other words, typical antipsychotics. It is to them that the etaperazine drug belongs. Instructions for use, reviews, analogues of it will be discussed below.
The chemical formula of the drug
One of the drugs demanded in psychiatric practice is Etaperazin. Indications for its use are quite extensive - from calming a long hiccup to relieving the super-idea syndrome. This drug as the active substance has the chemical component perphenazine. It is derived from the first antipsychotic - chlorpromazine, and in its structure resembles prochlorperazine. Its chemical formula is C₂₁H₂₆ClN₃OS. The medicine "Etaperazin" is included in the list of "Essential and Essential Medicines", approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Similar drugs
Quite often, in many clinical cases of manifestations of psychotic disorders, the drug "Etaperazin" is prescribed. Analogs and synonyms of this drug either have the same active substance, or have a similar effect. The synonyms of "Etaperazin" are drugs that are exactly the same in composition, active component and, accordingly, the effect.
These include, first of all, the generic "Perphenazine". Also in this group you can include the drug from America, Trilafon (Trilafon). Advertised synonyms under other names in the pharmacy chain are extremely rare. Similar drugs have a similar effect based on other active ingredients. These include drugs with the active substance fluphenazine or trifluoperazin, which have a similar effect on the human body.
How does the drug work?
All the necessary information contains instructions for use about the preparation "Etaperazin". Analogues of this substance should have a similar effect, although they may differ in the specific purpose, possible side effects, dosage of the drug. The decision about which remedy should be taken in a particular situation is made by the attending physician. Once in the human body, the active substance primarily affects the central nervous system (CNS). Due to its ability to block alpha-adrenergic, dopamine, histamine, m-cholinergic, serotonin receptors, the drug has a blocking effect on the occurrence of delirium and hallucinations, lethargy and lethargy syndromes. Also, this substance affects the occurrence of extrapyramidal syndromes and an increase in the level of the hormone prolactin in the blood (hyperprolactinemia) produced by the pituitary gland. This drug has a strong antiemetic effect due to the inhibition of D 2 dopamine receptors in the area of the vomiting center and due to a decrease in the secretion and motility of the gastrointestinal tract as a result of blockade of m-cholinergic receptors.
The pathway of the drug in the patient’s body
For the preparation "Etaperazin", the instructions for use contain information on how it passes through the human body. It is prescribed for oral administration, and, getting into the gastrointestinal tract, the drug gradually releases the active substance - perphenazine. In plasma, it binds to proteins, but the level of maximum concentration varies in different patients. The substance is broken down in the liver and excreted from the patient's body along with feces and urine.
Dosage form
The drug "Etaperazin", its analogues are available in one dosage form - in the form of tablets having a different dosage of the active substance: 4, 6 or 10 mg per 1 unit. The drug is produced by many pharmaceutical companies, and therefore its packaging may be different.
When is Ethaperazine prescribed?
In the practice of psychiatry, one of the commonly prescribed drugs is Etaperazin. Indications for its use are quite extensive:
- chronic alcoholism;
- hiccups;
- itchy skin;
- involutional psychoses, the so-called age-related mental disorders;
- neurosises, expressed in fear, tension;
- increasing the effectiveness of analgesic therapy in various conditions;
- premedication - medication for medical intervention, aimed at eliminating the patient’s anxiety and fear, as well as reducing the glandular activity of the glands;
- mental disorders;
- psychopathy;
- vomiting of various origins, including on the background of radiation and chemotherapy;
- nausea of various origins, including pregnant women;
- schizophrenia;
- exogenous-organic psychoses as a result of infection, intoxication, traumatic brain injury;
- emotional disorders.
All diseases and conditions require specific indications for the use of the drug. The doctor should clearly know the diagnosis or the need to use this particular drug.
If the drug can not be taken
The medicine "Etaperazin", analogues of this drug, like all medical substances, have their contraindications. It can not be prescribed for use and taken in the following cases:
- pregnancy and lactation;
- late-stage bronchiectasis;
- hemolytic jaundice;
- hepatitis;
- myxedema;
- hematopoiesis;
- nephritis;
- heart disease in the stage of decompensation;
- progressive systemic diseases of the brain and spinal cord;
- thromboembolic diseases;
- cirrhosis.
Also, this medical device is not prescribed in case of hypersensitivity to the active substance perphenazine. "Etaperazin" with extreme caution is prescribed in cases:
- prostate adenomas;
- Parkinson's disease;
- glaucoma
- Depression
- during the withdrawal of alcohol;
- with convulsive disorders;
- renal failure;
- respiratory disorders of various etiologies;
- epilepsy.
The drug is not recommended for children under 12 years of age. Especially should be remembered about pregnant and breast-feeding women - the substance penetrates the placental barrier and into breast milk and can cause noticeable harm to the health of the fetus or newborn baby.
If something went wrong
The drug "Etaperazin", analogues of this medication can, when used even at recommended dosages, cause side effects.
Extrapyramidal disorders most often occur, manifested in changes in muscle tone, impaired motor activity, as well as in the appearance of twitching (hyperkinesis) or immobility (hypokinesia). But this is not the only side effect that can manifest itself as a result of taking Etaperazin. The following problems may occur:
- agranulocytosis;
- hemolytic anemia;
- amenorrhea;
- arrhythmia;
- asthma;
- atony of the intestine and bladder;
- anxiety;
- pallor;
- abdominal pain;
- bradycardia;
- lethargy;
- gynecomastia in men;
- hyperactivity
- glaucoma;
- dizziness;
- diarrhea;
- constipation;
- retardation;
- itching
- change in libido;
- change in heart rate;
- insomnia
- perspiration;
- skin rash;
- leukopenia;
- lethargy;
- fever;
- mydriasis;
- miosis;
- muscle weakness;
- menstrual irregularities;
- night confusion;
- fainting;
- orthostatic hypotension;
- paradoxical reactions - exacerbation of psychotic symptoms;
- retinopathy pigmentosa;
- increased appetite and body weight;
- decrease / increase in blood pressure;
- hives;
- skin pigmentation
- increased intraocular pressure;
- vomiting
- dry mouth
- bile stasis and cholestatic hepatitis;
- tachycardia;
- nausea;
- thrombopenic purpura;
- breast enlargement and galactorrhea in women;
- photosensitivity of the skin;
- photophobia;
- eczema;
- exfoliative dermatitis;
- eosinophilia;
- erythema
Such an abundance of possible undesirable disturbances in the state of health makes the administration of the drug "Etaperazin" extremely cautious, only in the case of a diagnosis, it can be prescribed.
How to take the drug
The use of "Etaperazin" should be prescribed by the attending physician in accordance with the established diagnosis, the patient's history, and concomitant diseases. The drug is available only in the form of tablets. The dosage and dosage regimen of the drug are selected by the doctor in accordance with the patient's needs. The minimum dose of the drug - 1/2 tablet in 4 mg (2 mg) - is prescribed for the relief of nausea in obstetric practice, and the drug is used only in case of emergency. Practical medicine recommends the administration of Etaperazine with a gradual increase in dosage - from 4 to 12-18 mg for certain patients with a dose distribution of the drug for 3-4 doses per day.
Overdose
One of the drugs widely used to treat certain conditions is Etaperazin. Instructions for its use are mandatory for both doctors and patients. It stipulates cases of drug overdose, both accidental and deliberate. The consequences can be quite serious: from the appearance of acute antipsychotic symptoms and fever to impaired consciousness and coma.
Etaperazine and other medicines
The medicine of the group of antipsychotics "Etaperazin", its analogues should be prescribed for use with extreme caution, since their interaction with other drugs can lead to serious adverse consequences. Alcohol, as well as drugs that inhibit the nervous system, in combination with Etaperazin or its analogs will enhance the adverse effects on the nervous and respiratory systems, causing disruption in their work. Substances of the antipsychotic group in combination with perphenazine activate the manifestation of extrapyramidal disorders. Treatment of hyperthyroidism with appropriate drugs and the administration of Etaperazine can cause the development of agranulocytosis. Taking this medicine with drugs such as Guanethidine, Levodopa, Clonidine, Epinephrine, or drugs with amphetamine lowers their effectiveness. If the treatment is carried out with Ephedrine, then taking Etaperazin will reduce the vasoconstrictor effect of the drug. The use of Etaperazin should be reasonable and consistent with the already prescribed treatment with other drugs.
Reviews of patients and doctors
One of the demanded drugs in psychiatric practice is "Etaperazin". Reviews of patients about him can be found to be radically opposite. This medicine helped someone to overcome mental conditions - fear and anxiety - to cope with obsessions. But for some, this drug turned out to be ineffective, causing not an improvement in the health situation, but only a lot of side effects, many of which were very difficult for patients to tolerate. In any case, this medicine is still in demand, bringing a therapeutic effect.
"Etaperazin", although it belongs to the list of vital medicines, you can’t just buy it at a pharmacy. His release is strictly controlled, and you can buy this medicine only by presenting to the pharmacist a prescription of the established sample with the signature and seal of the attending physician and the stamp of the institution.