Alexey Panteleev is one of the heroes of the legendary "Republic of SKID". A book about homeless children was read by every Soviet schoolchild. But few know about the fate of one of the authors. In the early years, L. Panteleev was left to his own devices. But street childhood was not limited to the troubles of a prose writer.
Parents
Hundreds of thousands of children after the revolution were left without parental care. Most of them were destined for a criminal fate, and therefore - poverty, illness, early death. One of the orphaned Soviet children was Alexei Panteleev. The real name is Yeremeyev. The hero of this article, the revolution was first made an orphan, then forced to hide an uncomfortable biography.
Eremeev Alexey Ivanovich was born in a merchant family. My father was a Cossack officer, but was disappointed in the service and, following the example of his relatives, started selling wood. The eldest son was only eight years old when Ivan Yeremeyev left the family. The mother was left with three young children. Aleksey Panteleev did not remember the October events, since in the fall of 1917 he fell ill and lay in a fever for several weeks.
Both the mother and father of the future prose writer belonged to the merchant family. Ivan Andrianovich Eremeev was an officer, his image forever remained in the memory of his son. The father of the hero of the novel âLenka Panteleevâ has many similarities with the writerâs parent, but unlike the artistic character, he was not a drunken drunkard. Ivan Andrianovich did not leave his family of his own free will. In 1918, he last met with his eldest son, and soon died. According to some reports, Ivan Andrianovich spent several months in prison.
Devastation
After the coup, chaos reigned in the country. Products that until 1917 were present on the table in abundance suddenly turned into a delicacy. Searches and arrests were carried out everywhere. The mother of the future writer decided to leave Petrograd: it was necessary to save children from hunger. The family moved to Yaroslavl province.
Alexei Yeremeyev, subsequently known throughout the country as a prose writer L. Panteleev, read heavily from childhood. In addition, from an early age he began to compose short stories and poems. The author of the story "Lenka Panteleev", like his young hero, fell in love with literature from an early age. He read even when the country was mired in devastation, famine, poverty, and poverty and illness reigned in the family of the future prose writer for a long time.
The family lived in the village for two years, then returned to their hometown. There was not enough money. Those that the mother gave the boy, he spent on books. And the future author of the famous "Republic of ShKID" began to twist light bulbs for the purpose of further sale. For which he was arrested and sent to a school, which he portrayed in a work of art in collaboration with his friend Grigory Belykh.
Wiknikorsor
When it comes to such a figure in the literature as Aleksei Ivanovich Panteleev, it is impossible not to mention the outstanding teacher. N. Soroki-Rosinsky. His image is displayed in the book "Republic of ShKID." G. Belykh and L. Panteleev created a character called the pupils of the school named after Dostoevsky Wiknikor.
Soroka-Rosinsky opposed the assertion that difficult children are morally and mentally disabled. The teacher was sure that homeless children were ordinary children who fell into difficult life circumstances. If Alexei Yeremeyev did not get into the legendary orphanage, one of the best books of domestic literature about children and adolescents would not have been created. And in the literary world such names as Belykh, Panteleev would never have been known.
The story "Republic of SKID"
In the twenties, Alexei Eremeev met Grigory Belykh. In those years, rumors circulated around Petrograd about the hijacker Lenka Panteleev. The hero of this article, although distinguished by a thirst for knowledge, was a difficult teenager, stood out even against the background of homeless children with an extremely steep disposition. In honor of the bandit, Yeremeyev received his nickname. The future writer at the school was known by the name of Grigory Chernykh. Panteleevâs nickname is Yankel.
Three years after the pupils left school, an autobiographical novel was written. The central characters of the book are Grigory Chernykh and Alexey Panteleev. However, the authors paid considerable attention to the story and other characters.
The school was in an old three-story building on Peterhof prospect. It was not easy for the teachers to curb the wild nature of the wards. Each of them had a rich biography, before entering school they led a free, nomadic and reckless life. Despite the difficulties, later Soroka-Rosinsky recalled that Leningrad teachers had never before worked with such enthusiasm and dedication. At the beginning of the story "The Republic of SKID" portraits of teachers and pupils predominate. In the second - stories from the life of the school. The theme of childhood and subsequently preferred Alexei Panteleev.
The stories
Works created in 1928 are devoted to the psychology of adolescents. Such compositions include âKarlushkin focusâ, âClockâ. Portrait characteristics at an early stage of Panteleevâs work were created masterfully.
In the thirties, the writer paid special attention to the educational topic. Motives for street childhood go by the wayside. The leading theme in Panteleevâs stories is children's heroism, an example of which is the work âHonest Wordâ. Panteleev applied pedagogical principles in the upbringing of his own daughter. A kind of fatherâs diary is the work âOur Mashaâ, in which the authorâs position is distinguished by Spartan insistence, moral maximalism and, at the same time, unlimited love for the child.
Grigory Belykh
The life of a friend of the writer L. Panteleev ended tragically. Gregory Belykh, perhaps, would have created many works, if not for the death at the age of thirty-two years. In 1935, a prose journalist was repressed. The reason for the charge of counter-revolutionary activity was a poem about Stalin. The denunciation of the writer was compiled by his relative. The sisterâs husband G. Belykh accidentally discovered poems of suspicious content on the table, which he immediately reported to the appropriate authorities. The journalist was convicted under article 58. He died in 1938 in a transit prison.
The Story of Lenka Panteleev
One of the editors of the work of young authors was Samuel Marshak. The children's poet recommended to rewrite one of the chapters, supplement, create from it a full-fledged literary work. So the story âLenka Panteleevâ appeared.
The work begins with a description of the early years of the hero. The author pays special attention to the portrait of his father, who is depicted as a complex, contradictory, but unusually honest person. Then the consequences of the October events and the beginning of Lenkaâs thieves career are depicted. The boy miraculously managed to escape the conclusion. At the end of the story, he ended up at school to them. Dostoevsky. From this event begins a new life of Lenka, as well as other heroes of the book of Bely and Panteleev.
"Our Masha"
After the war, the prose writer wrote a lot. He was willingly printed. In 1956, a daughter was born to the writer, to whom he dedicated the work âOur Mashaâ. The book is a collection of observational records maintained by many parents. But as a rule, mothers act as authors of such diaries. In this case, the father showed extraordinary scrupulousness and observation.
Masha was a late child. Her father was once deprived of attention and care, and perhaps because of this he paid excessive attention to his only daughter. Masha became an extremely well-read and developed girl, but she lacked lively communication with her peers. In youth, mental illness began to develop. Masha Panteleeva spent several years in hospitals. Died three years after the death of his father.
Criticism
In the thirties, when Belykh was arrested, Panteleev miraculously managed to avoid repression thanks to Chukovsky. The children's writer and poet highly appreciated the talent of this author. Chukovsky noted the expressive language of Panteleev, as well as the sincerity and truthfulness present in his books. A person who has experienced so many adversities cannot but arouse the confidence of readers. But, it is worth saying that Makarenko adhered to a different opinion about the book of Panteleev and Belykh. The creator of the âPedagogical Poemâ did not accept the âRepublic of ShKIDâ, or rather, the method that the main character of the novel, Viktor Nikolaevich Sorokin, used in working with the pupils.
Features of the story
In the "Republic of SKID" there are memoirs, essays, stories and portraits of heroes. The book of Panteleev and Belykh is often compared with the work of Makarenko. The main difference is that in the first storytelling is not on behalf of the teacher. The events described in the book about homeless children who fell into the school to them. Dostoevsky, told from the perspective of complex adolescents.
The authors of the story were interested in a variety of people. Each of the characters could become the main character, regardless of whether he was a pupil or educator. There is some confusion in the structure of the work. She explains the abundance of memories of school graduates. In an epilogue written in 1926, the authors talk about a meeting with the heroes of the story. One of the Shkidovites became an assistant director, the other worked in a print shop, the third became an agronomist.
"I believe ..."
L. Panteleev was a man of deep faith, as evidenced by the last book. âI believe ...â is a work published after the death of the author. The book is confessional. In it, the author conveyed his thoughts, experiences. The last essay has little in common with the "Republic of ShKID" and numerous stories aimed at young readers.
The writer died in 1987 in Leningrad. He wrote four stories and several dozen stories. Based on his works, three films and one animated film were created. But his name will always be associated with the book, which he created in collaboration with Grigory Belykh - âThe Republic of SKIDâ.