Biliary dyskinesia is a pathology associated with the work of the gallbladder. It leads to a violation of the functionality of the entire gastrointestinal tract. What is biliary dyskinesia is something everyone should know, since 30% of the entire population of the planet, both adults and children, are affected.
Pathology definition
In medical practice, two types of pathology are known: biliary dyskinesia of the hypokinetic type or hyperkinetic. To understand the difference, you first need to imagine how exactly the biliary system is arranged, and what exactly the function of the gallbladder in the body.
First of all, it is important to understand what bile is. This substance is produced in the hepatic ducts, designed to participate in the digestion of food. Bile through the ducts enters the gall bladder, where it accumulates and reaches the required concentration. When food enters the stomach, the secret is fed through a special duct directly into the intestine, namely the duodenum. There are a number of ducts that deliver bile directly to the digestive tract directly from the liver.
Without bile, normal and complete digestion of fats and carbohydrates with their subsequent breakdown to simple fatty acids is impossible.
All ducts that deliver bile from the liver to the gallbladder and further to the digestive tract are equipped with special sphincters that regulate the speed and volume of the incoming fluid. It looks like some kind of valve system. The operation of this adjustment system is provided by hormones produced in the stomach and pancreas. For the digestive system, both highly concentrated bile and too diluted affect equally. The volume of fluid released is also strictly controlled.
Thus, the difference between biliary dyskinesia of the hypokinetic type and hyperkinetic becomes clear. In the first case, a little bile, in the second a lot.
Most often, the hypokinetic type is found in people over 40 years old, because hypomotor biliary dyskinesia is a consequence of the low mobility of bile sphincters. On the other hand, hypermotor dyskinesia - increased valve motility - is characteristic of young people, not older than 30 years.
In this situation, there is a direct relationship between the state of the human vegetative system. In other words, hypertonic biliary dyskinesia is characterized by hypermotor sphincter. In the case of the hypotonic type, the opposite is true.
Summarizing this information, we get the answer to the question of what is biliary dyskinesia. This is a violation of the flow of bile through the ducts with a change in its concentration.
Causes of Dyskinesia
The causes of biliary dyskinesia are primary and secondary. Primary include defects in the bladder or ducts that occurred at the stage of development of these organs. For example, this may be due to congenital weakness of the walls of the gallbladder or an extra septum in it. It happens that a person is born with a double number of necessary ducts and other gallbladder abnormalities.
It is clear that such cases are extremely rare in medical practice. More often, dyskinesia occurs due to other diseases or conditions of the body. These are secondary reasons:
- Viral hepatitis.
- Gastric or duodenal ulcer.
- Formation in the gall bladder of stones.
- Cholecystitis, i.e. inflammation of the gallbladder.
- Any inflammation of the small or large intestine - colitis, enterocolitis, appendicitis.
- Damage to the intestines with parasites, for example, lamblia.
- Chronic inflammation in the oral cavity or throat - caries, tonsillitis.
An attack of biliary dyskinesia may not be the result of a disease, but a person’s lifestyle and habits. For example, a fascination with mono-diets or “therapeutic” fasting can cause disruption of the entire digestive system. On the other hand, an excess of fatty foods in the diet with an abundance of hot spices negatively affects the gall bladder and human liver.
Smoking and drinking alcohol also contributes to the development of dyskinesia, as well as weak muscle tone caused by sedentary work and sleep disturbance. All this sooner or later leads to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
There is another version of the development of dyskinesia - a violation of the human nervous system. This is confirmed by observation of the connection of the autonomic nervous system and the production of hormones necessary for regulating the speed of movement of bile. Studies confirm that a person who is in a constant state of stress or depression is most often affected by diseases such as gastritis and ulcers. This was known even in the days of Hippocrates at the dawn of medicine - an evil and dissatisfied person, always suffers from a stomach. He was called - "gall."
Signs of pathology of the bile duct
The main sign of gallbladder problems is pain. With biliary dyskinesia, it hurts in the right side, in the region of the ribs. Moreover, with a hyperkinetic form of pathology, acute pain is reflected in the back and central part of the chest, causing a person to think about the cardiological origin of the pain. An attack usually lasts no longer than 30–40 minutes.
The hypomotor type of biliary dyskinesia is characterized by a long, aching pain, but in the same locations of the chest or back. This form is accompanied by stagnation of bile, which causes manifestations accompanying this condition - this is yellowing of the skin and eye proteins, itching and burning in the most unexpected places, as well as a change in the color of feces and urine.
Usually, pain appears immediately after a meal, when the system for supplying bile to the gastrointestinal tract begins to work. In a person with dyskinesia, the nervous system is disturbed, so he is tormented by insomnia and has a depressive state. If the pathology struck a woman, then against the background of the disease, her menstrual cycle may be disturbed.
The most unpleasant sign of dyskinesia is heartburn. Excess bile in the stomach causes pain in the esophagus and bad breath. In severe cases, the patient can not even sleep, since in the supine position, bile rises from the stomach through the esophagus even faster, causing the person suffering.
Consequences of the disease
A gastroenterologist knows what it is (biliary dyskinesia). To cope with the situation on your own is very difficult. If you completely disregard the problem, then a person can develop very dangerous conditions:
- stomach ulcer;
- gastritis;
- pancreas inflammation;
- holostasis;
- the formation in the gall bladder of sand and stones;
- disruption of the central nervous system and mental disorder.
How is dyskinesia diagnosed
Treatment of cholecystitis and biliary dyskinesia cannot begin without a complete diagnosis of the patient's condition. First of all, a patient is examined with palpation of the gallbladder. A detailed history is being collected, during which the patient talks about what kind of pain he is being followed, how and what he eats, and what diseases he had before.
Be sure to take the patient’s blood, urine and feces for analysis. It is checked whether he has parasites and what is the biochemical composition of his blood.
The main instrumental method of research in this case is an ultrasound of the liver, gall bladder and bile ducts. Moreover, to complete the picture, the study is carried out on an empty stomach and immediately after eating. This allows you to evaluate the dynamics of the system.
Probing of the stomach and duodenum is carried out according to a number of indications. The procedure is called gastroendoscopy. During it, the patient is introduced into the stomach through the esophagus tube, equipped with a chamber and reservoir for sampling.
The most informative and safest diagnostic method is magnetic resonance imaging. It visually reflects the work of each bile duct, liver and gall bladder. Unfortunately, not every diagnostic laboratory has the appropriate equipment.
Dyskinesia treatment diet
Having dealt with the question of what is biliary dyskinesia , it comes to the realization that this is a consequence of malnutrition and lifestyle. Accordingly, the main treatment in this situation is the normalization of the human diet. Consultation of a nutritionist is necessary in parallel. Moreover, the diet for biliary dyskinesia in children is significantly different from the diet of adults.
Very important is the diet. It is necessary to eat food in small portions, but 5-6 times a day. You can’t eat just before bedtime, but lying on an empty stomach is dangerous. Therefore, you need to eat 1–2 hours before going to bed.
Food should be at a comfortable temperature. Extremely hot or cold food is prohibited.
The diet for biliary dyskinesia in children and adults is different, since in children the main cause of digestive upset can be stress, lack of sleep or nervous tension. Very carefully selected set of dishes for children not older than 1.5 -2 years. This issue should be addressed by a pediatrician.
Adults and schoolchildren are involved in a nutritionist. It is this specialist who recommends which particular foods should be included in the human diet and which ones should be excluded.
In each particular case, the doctor determines the recommended foods and the food that is necessary for normal digestion.
General recommendations are the rejection of fatty, fried meat, margarine and butter obtained synthetically. A vivid example of such a product is the spread added to confectionery.
And vice versa, you must definitely consume fresh vegetables and fruits. Meat must be mandatory in the human diet, but only in low-fat varieties and chicken.
And you can also eat boiled fish and seafood. It is very useful to include dairy products, honey, nuts and dried fruits in the diet.
White bread is replaced by black, rye. Ideally, you should switch entirely to amaranth bread. But unfortunately, this plant is not cultivated everywhere. By the way, the use of amaranth bread is included in the folk treatment of biliary dyskinesia. Be sure to abandon alcoholic beverages, strong coffee and tea, as well as sweet soda.
Principles of Traditional Medicine
The treatment complex for biliary dyskinesia includes medication. This is a series of choleretic drugs and drugs that restore the liver.
They are prescribed only by a doctor, depending on the type of pathology. For example, with the hypomotor type of biliary dyskinesia, the patient is prescribed a choleretic "Alachol". And to improve the motility of the ducts and gall bladder, "Cholecystokinin" and "Pancreosimine." A drug such as Ursosan for biliary dyskinesia is also used to prevent stagnation of bile and prevent the formation of stones in the gallbladder. The dosage and dosage regimen is prescribed by the doctor.
In case of hyperkinetic dyskensia, first of all, pain caused by spasm of the ducts is suppressed. For this, “No-shpa”, “Drotaverin” or a similar drug may be prescribed. Normalize the level of bile in the ducts and stomach with Okafenamide, Nicodine, or Flamida.
Treatment of dyskinesia with traditional medicine
Perhaps the treatment of pathology with traditional medicine - infusions and decoctions of herbs. But you need to understand that in order for this method of treatment to be effective, it should be used only with the permission of the doctor and always in combination with diet and conservative therapy.
Typically, the patient is prescribed a decoction from a collection of medicinal herbs mixed in equal proportions - mint, sage, St. John's wort, immortelle, coriander, corn stigmas, anise.
The substances contained in these plants not only normalize the content of bile in the ducts, but also relieve spasms that cause pain. With a hypotonic type of pathology, it is prescribed to use an infusion of a mixture of ginseng, eleutherococcus and lemongrass.
You can just regularly drink pure grapefruit juice, for example, for breakfast. This will not only restore the work of the gall bladder and liver, but also strengthen the human immune system, since the juice contains a large amount of vitamin C.
Other treatments
There are some clinical guidelines for biliary dyskinesia. First of all, this is a treatment by a psychotherapist. Indeed, often the root of the problem is a mental state - depression, chronic stress, and so on. The complex treatment of the psyche includes not only the help of a psychologist or psychiatrist, but also the normalization of sleep with the help of sedatives. The patient is set to a strict regimen - sleep at least 7-8 hours at night. After all, it is in the dark that the majority of the hormones necessary for the body to work are produced.
Since the cause of the development of pathology is often sedentary work, therapeutic gymnastics or full-fledged training is included in the complex of therapy. For example, running, swimming, cycling. Mandatory walks are prescribed for older and older people.
Not the last place in the complex of measures aimed at normalizing the work of the gallbladder and the entire gastrointestinal system is physiotherapy. In addition to therapeutic massage, electrophoresis is widely used. During this procedure, drugs are applied to electrodes applied to the skin. A weak electric current causes the active substances of the drug from the electrode to move inside the skin and further into the patient's body. This method does not burden the stomach, unlike tablets, and does not create problems with blood vessels, like injections.
Stones in the gallbladder can be destroyed by ultrasound, after which they exit naturally through the ducts that exit into the duodenum.
You can independently clean the ducts and the gallbladder itself by applying dubbing. The procedure consists in drinking a glass of olive oil at night. After that, you need to sleep on the right side, putting a heating pad under it. The problem with this method is that not all people can drink a glass of pure vegetable oil. Therefore, it is recommended to drink it in small doses - a tablespoon, each with lemon or grapefruit juice.
Disease prevention
In order not to have to undergo a long course of treatment, you can simply follow the recommendations for the prevention of this disease. First of all, you need to pay attention to your diet. Exclude fatty, fried meat with an abundance of preservatives and chemical additives from the diet. A striking example of such a unhealthy diet is fast food. You need to be more careful about your diet - do not overeat, do not get carried away with sweet pastries and fashionable mono-diets.
Modern man does not move very well, with all his mobility. In his life there are elevators, escalators, cars and so on. You need to pay more attention to physical activity and sports. For starters, you can refuse to use elevators and escalators. Ideally, exercise regularly.
Be sure to systematically at least 2 times a year to undergo a complete medical examination. This will allow you to notice a developing pathology and take advising measures.
We must not forget about the dangers of smoking and drinking alcohol. You need to remember - smoking and alcohol kill.
In the framework of caring for the future generation and for their children, in particular, it is necessary to instill in young people a love for sports, for natural food products and an aversion to smoking and drinking alcohol. Such habits will make their quality of life much better, and life itself longer.
Dyskinesia is a disease that is dangerous by its consequences. At the first symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor to make a diagnosis and prescribe adequate therapy. Self-medication is undesirable and even dangerous.