Type 2 diabetes or diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease. It is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which develops due to disturbances in the interaction of insulin with tissue cells.
Symptoms of this disease are dryness and thirst in the mouth, excessive urination, muscle weakness, itching of the skin, poor wound healing and obesity. For the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus , the Glyurenorm drug is used. Instructions for use, analogues, properties and the form of the mentioned medication are presented below.
The composition of the medication, its description, packaging, form
In what form do the Glurenorm preparation produce? Instructions for use informs that this product is available in the form of white and smooth round tablets, with scoring and beveled edges, as well as the 57C engraving and the company logo.
The main component of the drug in question is glycidone. It also includes dried corn starch, lactose monohydrate, soluble corn starch and magnesium stearate (additional compounds).
The Glurenorm drug (tablets) goes on sale in blisters of 10 pieces, which are packed in packs of cardboard.
Pharmacological action
What is the medicine "Glurenorm"? The instruction for use reports that this is a hypoglycemic agent, a sulfonylurea derivative (second generation). It is intended for oral administration only.
The drug in question has extrapancreatic and pancreatic effects. It stimulates the secretion of insulin and potentiates the glucose-mediated pathway of its formation.
Experiments on laboratory animals showed that the drug "Glenrenorm", the instruction of which is contained in a cardboard box, can reduce insulin resistance in the adipose tissue and liver of the patient. This happens through stimulation of the postreceptor mechanism, which is mediated by insulin, as well as an increase in its receptors.
The hypoglycemic effect after taking the drug develops after 65-95 minutes. As for the maximum effect of the drug, it occurs in about 2-3 hours and lasts about 8-10 hours.
Kinetic properties
Instructions for use "Glyurenorm" states that the use of a single dose of this medication (15-30 mg) contributes to its rapid and complete absorption from the gastrointestinal tract (about 80-95%). He reaches the peak of his concentration after 2 hours.
The active substance of the drug has a high affinity for plasma proteins.
There is no data on the probable passage of glycidon or its derivatives through the placenta or BBB. There is also no information on the penetration of glycidone into breast milk.
Where is the metabolism of the drug "Glyurenorm"? Instructions for use states that the drug in question is metabolized in the liver through demethylation and hydroxylation.
The main part of glycidone derivatives is excreted through the intestines. The half-life of this medicine is 1-2 hours.
In elderly and middle-aged patients, the kinetic parameters of Glyurenorm are similar.
According to experts, the metabolism of this drug does not change in patients with liver failure. It should also be noted that in patients with impaired renal function, the drug does not accumulate.
Indications
Under what conditions is the drug Glyurenorm most effective? Instructions for use, reviews suggest that the indication for its use is type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly and middle-aged people (with the ineffectiveness of diet therapy).
Prohibitions for taking medication
In what cases is it contraindicated to prescribe Glurenorm tablets? Instructions for use indicate the following contraindications for this medication:
- porphyria alternating acute;
- type 1 diabetes mellitus;
- severe liver failure;
- diabetic acidosis, precoma, ketoacidosis and coma;
- the period after resection of the pancreas;
- rare hereditary diseases such as galactosemia, lactose intolerance, lack of lactase and glucose-galactose malabsorption;
- acute conditions of the patient (for example, severe surgery, infectious diseases);
- pregnancy period;
- minor age (due to insufficient data on the safety and effectiveness of the drug in this age group);
- breastfeeding time;
- hypersensitivity to sulfonamides.
Cautious use of the drug
With caution, the medication in question is prescribed for:
- febrile syndrome;
- lack of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase;
- thyroid gland diseases (with impaired function);
- alcoholism.
The drug "Glurenorm": instructions for use
Glurenorm tablets are prescribed only inside. When taking them, you must follow all the doctor's recommendations regarding the dosage of the medicine and diet. It is forbidden to stop taking the medication without first consulting with a specialist.
The initial dose of the drug in question is 0.5 tablets (i.e. 15 mg) during the first breakfast. The medicine should be taken at the very beginning of the meal. After eating, skipping meals is prohibited.
If the use of 1/2 tablet does not cause improvement, then after consulting a doctor, the dosage is gradually increased. With a daily dose of "Glyurenorm" no more than 2 tablets, it can be taken once during breakfast.
If the doctor has prescribed higher dosages of the drug, then for the best effect they should be divided into 2 or 3 doses.
Increasing the dose of more than 4 tablets per day usually does not increase their effectiveness. Therefore, taking the medicine "Glyurenorm" in excess of the specified amount is not recommended.
In people with impaired renal function, dosage adjustment is not required.
Taking the drug over 75 mg in patients with impaired liver function requires regular monitoring by a doctor.
In case of insufficient therapeutic effect, together with "Glurenorm" the patient may be additionally prescribed "Metformin".
Overdose cases
Taking high doses of sulfonylurea derivatives often leads to hypoglycemia. In addition, an overdose of this drug can cause the following symptoms: sweating, tachycardia, irritability, hunger, headache, palpitations, tremors, insomnia, motor anxiety, impaired vision and speech, loss of consciousness.
If signs of hypoglycemia appear, you must take glucose or foods rich in carbohydrates.
Side effects
Now you know why a drug such as Glurenorm is prescribed. Instructions for using this medication have also been reviewed above.
According to patients, while taking this drug, you may experience:
- thrombocytopenia, angina pectoris, agranulocytosis;
- paresthesia, hypoglycemia, dizziness;
- leukopenia, headache, extrasystole, drowsiness;
- disturbances of accommodation, a feeling of fatigue, hypotension;
- cardiovascular failure, dry mouth, Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
- decreased appetite, photosensitivity reaction, nausea, rash;
- urticaria, vomiting, chest pain, cholestasis;
- constipation, itching of the skin, diarrhea, discomfort in the abdomen.
Drug Interactions
With the simultaneous administration of glycidone with Allopurinol, ACE inhibitors, antifungal drugs, analgesics, coumarin derivatives, NSAIDs and others, the hypoglycemic effect of the former may be enhanced.
Rifampicin, barbiturates, and Phenytoin reduce the hypoglycemic effect of Glyurenorm.
Special recommendations
Hypoglycemic agents for oral administration should not replace a therapeutic diet.
People with diabetes should strictly follow all the recommendations of the doctor.
When signs of hypoglycemia appear, you should immediately take food that contains sugar.
Physical activity can enhance the hypoglycemic effect of the drug.
Due to the fact that the excretion of glycidone by the kidneys is insignificant, the medication in question can be safely prescribed for patients with renal impairment, as well as diabetic nephropathy.
In the course of clinical studies, it was found that the use of the drug in question for 30 months did not contribute to the increase in patient weight. Moreover, there have been cases of weight loss by 1-2 kg.
Analogs and reviews
The following drugs are referred to the Glurenorm analogues: Gliklada, Amiks, Glianov, Glayri, Glibetik.
Reviews about the drug in question can be found very different. According to consumer reports, this drug is very effective and accessible to everyone. However, it should be noted that many patients are quite worried about the list of adverse reactions of this remedy. Although doctors claim that they are extremely rare and only under certain circumstances.