Angina is an acute infectious disease caused by various microorganisms: fungi, bacteria and viruses. Most often, streptococci become a pathogen, which are transmitted from a sick person or activated in their own body under favorable conditions for them, namely cooling or a decrease in immunity. The disease can be contributed by substances that have an irritating effect: house dust, smoke and the presence of inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx.
Causes of the inflammatory process
With tonsillitis, there is primarily a defeat of the tonsils. In most cases, the causative agents of the disease are staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria. There are two ways to transmit the infection:
- external - airborne, through household items;
- internal - chronic inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity.
Angina affects both adults and children most often in spring and autumn due to the following factors:
- weakening of the immune system;
- hypothermia of the body;
- dustiness of air.
In addition, sore throat often provokes smoking and alcohol abuse.
Take antibiotics or refuse them?
Self-treatment of angina with antibiotics is unacceptable. This is fraught with complications, only a doctor prescribes drugs based on the tests performed. Before starting therapy, you should familiarize yourself with the instructions that come with the medicine and follow its instructions exactly. Studies show that a significant proportion of patients stop taking the medicine after the first signs of improvement, which disrupts the treatment process, and the disease becomes chronic.
It was found that out of ten people, only two clearly follow the doctor’s instructions and take antibiotics according to the instructions, observing the time interval. A doctor prescribes a course of treatment with tonsillitis antibiotics, guided by the severity of the disease, the condition of the patient. The dosage is selected depending on the weight of the person. The type of antibiotic depends on the causative agent of the infection, the absence of an allergic reaction to it and the existing chronic diseases. In adults, the duration of antibiotic therapy is 7-10 days. Violation of the intervals between doses of the drug leads to side effects and the resistance of microorganisms to it.
Refusal from treatment of angina with antibiotics contributes to the development of various complications. It can be otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis, arthritis, passing into polyarthritis, pneumonia, inflammation of the kidneys. The most formidable of them is considered acute rheumatic fever, which results in heart defects with serious myocardial disorders.
Angina, the causative agent of which are bacteria, must be treated with antibiotics in order to continue to work and remain a healthy person.
Varieties and properties of drugs
Which drugs are best prescribed for angina depends on the determination of the causative agent of infection through laboratory tests and the absence of allergies to them in the patient. Therefore, the doctor deals with antibiotic treatment of angina in adults. Depending on the group of the drug, the duration of treatment is different:
- penicillins - 10 days;
- macrolides - 5 days.
Penicillin group preparations cause less harm to the body, and if the patient does not have an allergic reaction to them, then it is worth taking:
- Amosin, Flemoxin, Amoxicillin, Hiconcil. They reduce inflammation and actively fight streptococci. Do not stop taking it before ten days.
- From the group of macrolides they use: “Zitrolide”, “Azithromycin”, “Azitrox”.
When there is no improvement within three days, and the reason lies in the resistance of bacteria to a specific antibiotic, the treatment of angina in adults is corrected. At high temperature, headaches and to facilitate the process of swallowing, "Efferalgan", "Panadol", "Ibuprofen" are used.
Catarrhal sore throat
This form of tonsillitis is considered to be the easiest. It develops with weakened immunity and a lack of vitamins in the winter. If untreated, it passes into lacunar or follicular tonsillitis. The causative agent of catarrhal sore throat is mostly adenovirus. The microbe enters the mucous membrane of the throat and tissue of the tonsils. There it multiplies and causes a shallow inflammation of the palatine arches, tonsils and posterior pharyngeal wall. The following symptoms are characteristic of catarrhal sore throat:
- discomfort and sore throat, which quickly turns into pain when swallowing;
- there is a breakdown, lethargy, headache, weakness, loss of appetite;
- glands a little swollen, sometimes with a gray coating;
- in severe cases, body temperature rises above 38 degrees.
Symptoms may increase for three days, and then gradually subside. Heals completely in ten days. Improper treatment is fraught with various complications.
Treatment of catarrhal sore throat
It can be done without antibiotics if the causative agent is a viral infection. A doctor who will conduct a study to determine the microorganism will help to figure this out. Then a course of treatment of angina with antibiotics or antiviral agents will be prescribed. For a successful recovery, you must:
- compliance with bed rest, especially in the early days of the disease;
- constant gargling to remove germs from the mucosa;
- local treatment for reducing pain and disinfecting the throat with Ingalipt, Hexoral and resorption tablets;
- the use of Nurofen and Paracetamol at an elevated temperature of more than 38 degrees;
- heavy drinking to reduce intoxication of the body;
- the use of antibiotics Amoxiclav, Ampicillin, Azithromycin for the treatment of catarrhal sore throat with an infection caused by bacteria;
- for the destruction of viruses, Cycloferon, Viferon, Kagocel are recommended.
In the acute phase of the disease, warming procedures on the neck and inhalation are undesirable. This will lead to the multiplication of microbes and worsen the condition of the patient. Recovery will occur quickly if the doctor's recommendations are followed and the regimen is followed. To help drug treatment, you can connect traditional medicine and add a vitamin complex. The use of immunomodulators will help restore immunity.
Treatment of purulent tonsillitis with antibiotics
Purulent sore throat is a very serious disease that develops rapidly. It is necessary to stop it in time to block the active reproduction of microorganisms and prevent serious consequences. Taking antibiotics for purulent sore throat is strictly required. The doctor prescribes them depending on the type of pathogen, symptoms and course of the disease. The main signs of pathology are the following:
- sore throat and redness of the tonsils;
- a sharp rise in temperature, often above 39 degrees;
- weakness, chills, dizziness;
- signs of intoxication: nausea, vomiting;
- strong enlargement of the lymph nodes;
- the formation of white plaque or boils on the palatine tonsils.
The doctor prescribes antibiotic treatment for purulent sore throat until the results of the tests are obtained in order to prevent the development of complications. In the further period, if necessary, therapy can be adjusted. Most often with purulent tonsillitis, the following medications are prescribed:
- penicillins: Amoxiclav, Flemoxin, Amoxicillin;
- cephalosporins: "Cefuroxime", "Ceftriaxone", "Cephalexin", "Cefazolin";
- macrolides: Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin.
All antibiotics used to treat tonsillitis are systemic and have an effect on the whole body. At the same time, they kill useful microbes of the gastrointestinal tract. Their recovery requires the use of probiotics. Simultaneously with the treatment of angina with antibiotics, local topical preparations are prescribed in the form of a spray, tablets for resorption and rinsing. They do not have a negative effect on the intestinal microflora.
When is injectable medication necessary?
For the treatment of tonsillitis in purulent form, antibiotics are used for intramuscular administration. They do this for the speed of their impact on the human body. The tablet, before it enters the bloodstream, must dissolve in the stomach and assimilate in the intestine, and only then will it begin to act. When treating a sore throat with antibiotics in injections, the drug immediately spreads blood throughout the body and begins to work. Moreover, it does not enter the stomach and does not adversely affect its mucosa. Injections are often given to people with gastrointestinal disorders and those who cannot swallow them due to pain or some other reason. The disadvantages of this procedure are:
- the absence of a person who can correctly inject;
- an allergic reaction that occurs after an injection. Anaphylactic shock is possible if an antibiotic test is not done .
Follicular tonsillitis
With the disease, the tonsils are affected with the formation of follicles, which are filled with pus. The main causative agent of the disease is streptococcus. You can get infected by airborne droplets and contact household. The patient begins to feel unwell, redness of the mucous membrane, lymph nodes increase, and after two or three days the following symptoms of follicular tonsillitis appear:
- chills begin, body temperature rises to 40 degrees, which does not go well;
- sore throat, bad breath;
- severe swelling of the tonsils;
- the formation of follicles with yellow contents;
- general weakness, headache, and joint pain;
- heart rhythm disturbance.
The patient is recommended to observe bed rest and to treat the follicular tonsillitis with antibiotics prescribed by the doctor. Relieving symptoms after a few days does not mean stopping the medication. For effective treatment, the following groups of drugs are used:
- Penicillins: Amoxicillin, Amosin, Ospamox. When recovering, “Bicillin” is indicated. All medicines have an effect on the inflammatory process and have minimal side effects.
- Macrolides: Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Sumamed, Dirithromycin, Roxithromycin, Josamycin - are prescribed when the penicillin group is not tolerated by the patient.
- Cephalosporins: "Cephalexin", "Cefazolin - have low toxicity, and in action are similar to penicillin group drugs.
When treating a sore throat at home with antibiotics, beneficial gastric bacteria are destroyed, therefore, to restore microflora, probiotics, as well as vitamins and minerals, must be used simultaneously. To relieve sore throat and reduce inflammation, use sprays, aerosols, plates and lozenges. The temperature is brought down by "Paracetamol".
How to treat sore throat with breastfeeding?
The course of therapy in this case is no different from the usual treatment of angina. What antibiotics to take to a nursing mother, the doctor will tell. Taking antibacterial agents, a woman can continue to apply the baby to the breast. Drugs that are allowed to be used belong to different groups of antibiotics:
- penicillins - “Oxacillin”, “Amoxicillin”, “Ampioks”;
- macrolides - “Azithromycin”, “Roxithromycin”, “Sumamed”;
- cephalosporins - "Cephalexin", "Cefazolin".
With all these drugs, a woman can treat sore throat and at the same time breast-feed her baby. For the prevention of dysbiosis, the baby should receive "Bifidumbacterin" containing bacteria to maintain normal intestinal microflora. Treatment of angina with breastfeeding with antibiotics lasts from 5 to 10 days, the usual dosages for adults are used. In exceptional cases, when a nursing mother is prescribed antibiotics that adversely affect the health of the child, he is weaned.
In addition, in the treatment of angina, local preparations are shown that can alleviate the symptoms of the disease and destroy bacteria. A nursing mother can use them all over while antibiotic therapy is ongoing. The safest and most effective: aerosols - “Ingalipt”, “Bioparox”, “Hexoral”, “Yoks” and tablets “Strepsils”, “Stop-Angin”, “Septolete”. It is possible to use any solutions for gargling. They will help to remove plaque and accelerate recovery. For this, it is recommended to use antiseptic drugs: “Chlorhexidine”, “Miramistin”, “Furacilin”.
“Telfast”, “Erius”, “Loratadin”, “Nimesulide”, “Paracetamol” will help relieve fever, inflammation and headache. Preparations containing acetylsalicylic acid should not be taken while breastfeeding. Folk remedies can also be used as auxiliary treatment for tonsillitis.
Sore throat treatment
Sore throat and lack of temperature - this is how a catarrhal sore throat occurs, the symptoms of which can be weakness, soreness and soreness in the throat, headache and inflammation of the lymph nodes adjacent to the palatine tonsils. Often this type of sore throat occurs when the body is cooled or as a complication after acute respiratory viral infection and influenza. Suppuration of tonsils does not occur, therefore, the temperature may not increase. Nevertheless, the disease and without fever is serious, therefore antibiotics are required to treat tonsillitis without fever.
The course is carried out for 5-10 days, despite the fact that symptoms can disappear after three days. Premature discontinuation of antibiotics threatens the addiction of bacteria to the drug, the return of the disease and serious complications. Doctors recommend the use of penicillin group preparations: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin. The pharmacy has a large assortment of these drugs. However, it should be borne in mind that only a doctor can choose the right therapy and paint a treatment regimen for angina with antibiotics. In addition, they use preparations for irrigation of the throat, absorbable tablets and frequent rinsing. A set of measures will quickly defeat a sore throat.
Therapy of angina in children
This disease in children is not uncommon. You can’t do without antibiotic treatment. This is the only way with which you can destroy the causative agents of angina. No matter how negative the parents are about antibacterial drugs, you have to use them. For children, the most effective are:
- Penicillins: “Benzylpenicillin”, “Flemoxin”, “Ampiox”, “Amoxiclav”, “Amoxil”, “Amoxicillin”. They are the most popular antibiotics for treating tonsillitis in children.
- Macrolides: Sumamed, Chemocin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Roxithromycin, Midecamycin, Oleandomycin. Effective mild agents are used when there are contraindications to the penicillin group.
- Cephalosporins: Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Cephalexin Cefazolin, Cefaclor, Cefixim. They belong to strong antibiotics and are prescribed when the child has intolerance to drugs of the penicillin and macrolide groups or in severe tonsillitis.
For therapy, a specific scheme is used, the course of treatment of which is up to ten days. It is impossible to stop taking the drug ahead of time in any case, even with a significant improvement in the condition of the child. In addition, parents should not choose antibiotics for the treatment of angina in children, the doctor will do this. Due to an improperly selected drug, the disease can become chronic or cause a complication.
In addition, antibacterial agents use drugs to prevent dysbiosis: Bifidumbacterin, Linex, Acipol, Florin Forte, Probifor, antihistamines Suprastin, Diazolin. At high temperature prescribe "Panadol", "Paracetamol". Vitamins and microelements are necessary for quick recovery after an illness.
In conclusion, it should be noted that angina is a complex disease, and for recovery, both adults and children need comprehensive treatment in compliance with all the recommendations of the doctor.