Morbid obesity is ... Types of obesity. Treatment, prevention of obesity

Recently, in many countries, especially in Western countries, about 10% of the population are overweight. If half of them can return to the size they need, then for the remaining 5% this is a serious problem of obesity, which can cause irreparable damage to health.

Causes of Obesity

The causes of obesity can be different. As a rule, they are influenced by such factors: social, endocrine, behavioral and genetic. Together, they provoke an increase in the mass of fatty tissues.

Among these factors, the most common can be distinguished:

1. Age. The most vulnerable years for gaining excess weight are considered to be 25-35 years, early childhood, menopause and the postpartum period.
2. Heredity. Children whose parents are obese are 2-3 times more likely to be overweight.
3. Diabetes in the mother. Studies show that a baby born to an unhealthy woman may be more at risk for obesity.
4. Psychological disorders. Sometimes even prolonged depression and toxomania can cause a person to become obese.
5. Racial affiliation. It is proved that in the Negroid race the likelihood of this disease is 2-3 times higher than in the rest.

What is the danger of obesity?

Obesity is a social problem that is becoming more and more common every year. As we have already mentioned, it can be caused by a number of factors, as well as have very serious consequences, even death.

One out of four subjects whose body mass index exceeds 30 has kidney stones. When in healthy people, this disease manifests itself only in 1 out of 40! It is worth noting here that kidney stones and sand are detected both with severe obesity and at its initial stage. Therefore, overweight is already a reason to sound the alarm.

Scientists argue that the formation of stones is associated with metabolic disorders, to a greater extent with a change in the chemical and water-salt composition of the blood. And these problems arise due to the increase in body fat mass.

People with abdominal obesity or any other type of obesity are at risk for diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, respiratory arrest in sleep, and even cancer.

What is obesity?

Today, obesity types such as apple and pear are distinguished. In the first case, fat is deposited in the abdomen and sides. If we talk about the second type, then more fat deposits are clearly expressed on the hips, legs and buttocks. Both of these species are observed in both women and men. They are difficult to treat and equally dangerous. It is necessary to deal with them in any case. The only difference is that during the complex treatment of this disease, a special load should be placed on that part of the body that contains more fat.

In addition, its types include morbid obesity. Photos of people with this condition show that a person is not just suffering from being overweight, he looks, to put it mildly, helpless. Therefore, it is impossible to deal with such an illness on your own. But treatment measures must be taken as soon as possible.

What is morbid obesity?

Morbid obesity is a chronic disease that affects a person’s life expectancy. Against the background of this ailment, all the others that we already mentioned are revealed: kidney stones, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, cancer. The only way to get rid of these concomitant sores is to lose weight.

A characteristic sign of morbid obesity is an increase in body weight by 45-50 kilograms. This is characteristic of the 21st century. Indeed, today many people practically do not move: they constantly spend time at a computer and a TV, while machines do washing work for them: washing machines, multicookers, and so on.

In addition, it is also worth mentioning about junk food and the wrong time of its intake. As a result of this, people face such a problem as morbid obesity. This disease is more common in women. According to recent data, in Western Europe, the weaker sex accounts for 25% of this disease, and for men - 20%.

Determine the body mass index (BMI)

In order to understand whether a person is overweight or obese, it is necessary to calculate the body mass index. BMI is the ratio of weight to height squared. If the result is a figure of 30 or more, then this indicates that the patient is obese.

For example, the patient’s weight is 150 kilograms and his height is 1.80 m. According to the formula, we calculate: 150: (1.80 x 1.80) = 46. The resulting result suggests that this person has morbid obesity.

The World Health Organization has developed a table by which you can track the classification of obesity.

Based on these data, it is possible to determine the state of the body of each patient. But, unfortunately, this is not enough to find out a predisposition to dangerous diseases.

Treatment of morbid obesity

As we have already found out, morbid obesity is the most severe degree of this disease. It is easier to prevent than to treat. Since in this case the usual workouts in the fitness room and diets will no longer help. It is worth noting that even liposuction at this stage is a waste of time. After all, after this procedure, the patient manages to lose only 4-5 kilograms, and this is very little for a full life.

If the patient has a disease such as morbid obesity, the diet in this case will not save him, no matter how strict it may be. Only in combination with surgical intervention will it have positive results.

General Information on Surgery for Morbid Obesity

At the last stage of this disease, surgery is imperative. After all, the only way a person can throw 30-40 and even their cherished 50 kilograms! This method of treatment is resorted to, even if the patient has revealed obesity of 2 degrees.

In this case, as a result of surgical operations, concomitant diseases disappear and the appearance of new ones is prevented.

The intensive increase in the number of bariatric surgeries (surgeries) over the past few decades tells us that the problem of obesity is, unfortunately, one of the leading places among other surgical interventions. Thanks to modern technology, they have become less dangerous and more effective. Today, the risk of complications during and after their treatment is equal to zero. And most importantly, their result exceeds all expectations: weight loss persists for a decade.

What are the surgical procedures for morbid obesity?

Today, doctors sound the alarm and argue that the plague of the 21st century is precisely morbid obesity. Its treatment is based on one of two methods:

• Bandage installation. This is the most common and most effective way to treat this disease. It is based on the installation of a special ring on the stomach through small punctures in the abdominal cavity. In this case, one part of this organ is above the ring, the other - under it. They are connected only by a small hole through which food enters. Thus, the liquid is retained at the top, which gives a feeling of fullness. As a result of this operation, patients can lose up to 65% of excess weight.
• Removing part of the stomach. This method is less popular. Today it is rarely used. During surgery, a portion of the stomach is cut out, which ultimately resembles a thin tube. After the operation, you need to eat food only in small quantities. Otherwise, the seams are torn, and this can be fatal.

In both the first and second cases, the result will be visible only when the patient adheres to proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle.

How does the diet after surgery

Even if a patient with the most severe obesity underwent one of the bariatric surgeries, this does not mean that he does not need to work on his body and let it go by itself. As with any other surgical procedure, certain recommendations must be followed. First of all, this concerns food intake.

So, in this case, the patient will have a new diet:

1. You need to eat often (usually 3 to 6 times a day), but not enough. A signal to stop eating will indicate the slightest satiation. In no case should you overeat.
2. You need to take food only in the kitchen, chewing it slowly. It is worth noting that at this time, watching TV and reading books is prohibited.
3. It is forbidden to drink liquid during and immediately after a meal. You need to drink only in the interval between meals. Otherwise, as practice shows, this can cause vomiting.
4. You can’t go to bed after a meal. Better to do household chores.
5. It is forbidden to drink alcoholic, sweet and carbonated drinks, eat chocolate.

How many kilograms can be thrown off after bariatric surgery?

Morbid obesity is a neglected form of obesity, which is the result of many years of increase in fatty tissue as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle. Therefore, it is very difficult to say exactly how many kilograms a person will lose after surgery. As a rule, this depends on a number of factors:

• weight before surgery;
• age features;
• concomitant diseases;
• the type of operation that was performed on the patient;
• the intensity of physical activity;
• dieting;
• support for others and loved ones.

If after the operation a person sheds half his former weight, and at the same time he does not have side effects, then the treatment is considered successful.

Usually intense weight loss is observed during the first 17-25 months. The speed with which the patient will lose extra pounds after surgery depends only on himself. It has been proven that people with high BMI lose weight faster and more. But patients who have a lower BMI, easier to reach the weight necessary for their growth.

Obesity Prevention

Overweight people should do everything possible to prevent obesity. In addition, the faster you start practicing yourself, the more chances there are not only to prevent the ugly look, but also to say goodbye to existing diseases.

First of all, stop eating high-calorie foods and flour products. For many, this is enough to lose weight and bring the weight back to normal.

Obese people need to increase energy expenditure through heavy loads. Remember: in order to prevent morbid or abdominal obesity from developing, it is not necessary to engage in powerlifting. To do this, just move more and engage in physical education in the morning.

A healthy lifestyle is the main thing that you need to pay attention to not only when you are overweight, but always at any age.