As follows from the instructions for use, the antibiotic "Cefazolin" belongs to the category of semi-synthetic. The drug is included in the group of cephalosporins. The tool belongs to the first generation, it is characterized by the breadth of the spectrum of effectiveness. "Cefazolin" is made in the form of solutions for injective administration. The action is rated as bactericidal. The active component of the drug is able to inhibit the biological synthesis of cell walls of pathological bacteria.
Technical information
The instructions for use of “Cefazolin” indicate that the medication shows pronounced effectiveness in infection with some gram-positive pathological microscopic life forms, including several types of staphylococci. You can use "Cefazolin" for infection with streptococci. Among the gram-negative, the tangible effect of "Cefazolin" shows in diseases provoked by Klebsiella, Neisseria, treponema, hemophilic bacillus. You can use the drug for detection in the body of Escherichia, Proteus, Enterobacter.
Studies have shown (and this is recorded in the instructions for use): "Cefazolin" does not show effectiveness if the disease is provoked by Pseudomonas invasion, with some types of Proteus. The antibiotic is not effective against mycobacteria, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus strains. Do not use the remedy for diseases caused by infection with anaerobic life forms and Serratia.
Drug kinetics
According to the instructions for use, "Cefazolin" is used for injection into a vein, since the active substance is extremely poorly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, the antibiotic can be injected into muscle tissue. After the introduction of 500 mg into the muscle, the maximum concentration in the circulatory system is observed after 60-120 minutes. The values are on average close to 30 μg / ml.
About 85% of the substance ingested enters into strong ties with serum blood proteins. It was revealed that the substance is able to penetrate into the bones, ascitic fluid. "Cefazolin" is found in the fluid of the pleura, joints. Failed to detect the presence of a substance in the central nervous system.
In the instructions for use of "Cefazolin" the manufacturer indicates: the half-life is an average of 1.8 hours
The nuances of kinetics
In the instructions for use of Cefazolin Akos and Cefazolin accompanying the substance for injections, the manufacturer indicates that the active component of the drug is predominantly excreted from the body without transforming. The main volume is excreted by glomerular filtration. Tubular secretion is a way to eliminate a smaller percentage.
When using substances for injective administration into the muscle, about 80% is eliminated in one day. If you use 500 mg or a twice as large dose, the maximum concentration in urine reaches 1 mg / ml or four times higher.
In the instructions for use of Cefazolin (tablets under this name are not available), the manufacturer indicates that the active component accumulates in bile. Tests have shown that elimination with this fluid is practically not observed.
The serum half-life is prolonged if Cefazolin is used against a background of impaired renal function.
What's on sale?
In pharmacies, you can buy ampoules containing a special powder. This substance is intended to be mixed with a liquid and injected into a vein or muscle tissue. In one package contains 1-50 bottles with the drug "Cefazolin", "Cefazolin Akos", instructions for use for it.
In the vial, the active component is presented as a sodium salt. One ampoule contains 0.5 or twice as much antibiotic. The active substance gave the name to the drug - this is cefazolin.
Before using the drug, you must carefully read the accompanying documentation - in it the manufacturer explains in detail how to breed Cefazolin. Instructions for use also contain recommendations for choosing a dose, the rules for administering a medication. Here are the possible side effects that the medicine can provoke, as well as indications for its use.
Mutual influence
If the doctor prescribes the drug, the patient should notify the specialist of all the funds that he is taking at the moment. It is known that an antimicrobial substance can enhance or weaken the effectiveness of different groups of drugs. Information on possible mutual influence is present in the instructions for use for Cefazolin injections, the price of which is quite low - from 15 rubles per pack.
The combination with drugs, which include rifampicin, vancomycin, aminoglycosides, leads to an increase in the antibacterial effect.
If possible, you should avoid using "Cefazolin" on the background of the use of drugs to adjust blood coagulation. Do not use the composition at the same time as diuretics. "Cefazolin" does not mix well with ethacrylic acid, furosemide.
Aminoglycosides in combination with the described composition lead to an increased risk of negative effects on the kidneys. In the instructions for the composition of "Cefazolin" injections are not recommended if necessary, the use of aminoglycosides, since these substances inhibit tubular secretion, which leads to an increase in the concentration of antimicrobial compounds in the circulatory system. Excretion takes more time, the likelihood of a toxic effect increases.
Terms of use
If the instructions for use of Cefazolin are not followed, the cost of violations is side effects that can be quite severe. To avoid negative consequences, it is necessary to follow the manufacturer's recommendations as carefully as possible. Take into account that the drug is intended for introduction into the muscle and vein. You can pour it in drops, you can enter it in a jet.
If it is supposed to be injected into muscle tissue, for an adult patient, a single volume varies between 0.25-1 g. The frequency of procedures is every 8-12 hours. On average, the recommended daily dosage for such a group of patients recommended by Cefazolin is 0, 75-1.5 g.
If the infection is difficult, speed up the frequency of administration of the drug. Between the injections, intervals of 6-8 hours are maintained, 0.5-1 g of the drug is used for one procedure. The maximum volume for 24 hours is 6 g. It is extremely rare to prescribe 12 g per day.
Programs are different
As can be seen from the reviews, instructions for use, "Cefazolin" can be used to prevent complications after surgery. As follows from the many responses, the drug is really used very often. Persons who were prescribed Cefazolin to prevent complications during the operation recognized that the medication often provoked negative side effects, however, its effectiveness against pathological life forms was high enough so that the use of the substance fully paid off.
To prevent infection due to surgical measures, Cefazolin is administered half an hour before the operation in the amount of one gram, and during the operation it is used in the amount of 0.5-1 g. After the intervention, the drug is used in the amount of 0.5-1 g one day , repeating the introduction on average every seven hours.
Special occasion
It is allowed to put “Cefazolin” injections to children. Instructions for use of the drug indicate that this is possible for people over a month old. For a day, the dose is calculated based on body weight: 25-50 mg / kg. If the infection proceeds in severe form, an increase in volumes of up to 100 mg per each kilogram of weight is allowed. The dose calculated for one day should be divided into 2-3 procedures. It is very important to observe the dosage indicated in the instructions for use of Cefazolin injections for children, since there is a high probability of severe side effects and toxic effects on the delicate organism.
If Cefazolin is prescribed for an adult patient suffering from impaired renal function, it is necessary to adjust the dosage and lengthen the intervals between injections. The initial dose is 0.5 g (it does not matter to what extent the renal functionality is severely impaired).
Application rules
Before using the medication for the first time, it is necessary to identify how sensitive the pathogen is to the antibiotic. To do this, use disks that contain 30 μg of the active substance.
The duration of the use of the cefazolin antibiotic, the course features should comply with the recommendations of the manufacturer and the attending physician. It is not allowed to introduce the drug at its discretion. Typically, the drug is prescribed for a week or two. The specific number of days is determined by how severe the disease is, what is the reaction to the chosen treatment.
How to breed?
Reviews of the instructions for use for Cefazolin injections primarily indicate that the manufacturer quite clearly describes this procedure. However, the drug should be administered carefully, preferably by a qualified nurse or doctor. An incorrectly made injection becomes the cause of severe pain and negative consequences.
To prepare the drug for injection into the muscle, it is necessary to pour 2-3 ml of purified water prepared specially for injection into a bottle with powder (can be bought at a pharmacy).
If the drug is planned to be injected jet into a vein, the powder from one ampoule is dissolved in 10 ml of sodium chloride. When injected into a vein, a drop of “Cefazolin” is mixed with a glucose five percent solution or sodium chloride. One bottle requires 100-150 ml of additional substance.
In preparation for insertion into the muscle, you can dilute the powder from the Cefazolin ampoule with novocaine. Instructions for use recommends taking 0.2 ml of anesthetic for 0.25-0.5 g of antibiotic.
Strongly impossible!
“Cefazolin” is not used if hypersensitivity, susceptibility, an allergic reaction to the active component of the drug or any other representatives of the cephalosporin class are established. You can not use "Cefazolin" if a person does not tolerate beta-lactam antimicrobials.
"Cefazolin" is not intended for the treatment of children under one month of age, pregnant women.
Extremely carefully considered drug is used if failure of the functioning of the liver or kidneys is established. A relative contraindication requiring careful use of the substance is pseudomembranous enterocolitis.
The nuances of treatment
There is a likelihood of a hypersensitivity reaction to the drug, if the patient had previously been allergic to penicillin drugs, carbapenems. If such an organism response is observed, it is urgent to stop treatment and choose means to stabilize the patient's condition.
If, on the background of taking the drug, kidney failure begins to develop, the doses used should be reduced. In the future, therapy is allowed to continue only if possible to control creatinine clearance and the content of nitrogen and urea in the circulatory system.
The use of "Cefazolin" can lead to a false negative result when examining urine for sugar content. Perhaps the distortion of the results of the Coombs test.
Note!
The use of antimicrobial composition can provoke an exacerbation of diseases of the stomach, intestinal tract. To a greater extent this is typical for people suffering from colitis.
If you unfreeze the solution of Cefazolin, the substance is stable for another 10 days, provided that it is stored at a temperature of up to 5 degrees Celsius. If Cefazolin is at room temperature, it can be used for two days after defrosting.
There is no information about the possibility and safety of using Cefazolin for the treatment of children under one year of age, as well as premature infants.
When will it help?
"Cefazolin" is prescribed if the disease is provoked by pathological microscopic life forms for which sensitivity to this antimicrobial agent has been established. As a rule, these are foci of inflammation, infectious, localized in the respiratory system, ways of excretion of bile, urine from the body. You can use the drug for pelvic diseases, foci of infection of the skin, soft tissues, articular and bone.
Among the indications for the use of "Cefazolin" is mastitis, syphilis, gonorrhea. The drug will help with blood poisoning, endocarditis, peritonitis. Often it is prescribed for certain forms of otitis media. "Cefazolin" has proven itself in osteomyelitis. You can use it in case of infection due to a wound, burn or surgery.
Features of biology and chemistry
The effectiveness of Cefazolin is ensured by its ability to slow down the reactions of the production of biological polymers in bacterial cells. To some extent, this mechanism of influence is similar to the way penicillins work. Activity is especially pronounced relative to gram-positive pathological life forms.
Before the first use of the drug, it is important to make a skin test. This eliminates individual intolerance.
Cefazolin for children
If the child's weight is about 4.5 kg, the drug is indicated for use with eight-hour intervals between administrations. Single dose - 40 mg. If you have to use the product more often, a single volume should be 10 mg less, pauses are reduced by two hours.
With a weight of up to 9 kg, Cefazolin is indicated for use at eight-hour intervals in the amount of 75 mg. At six-hour intervals between administrations, a single volume of 55 mg.
For children weighing up to 13.5 kg, Cefazolin is recommended to be administered in the amount of 115 mg at eight-hour intervals or 85 mg at six-hour intervals.
With a weight of up to 18 kg, a single dosage with intervals between doses of 8 hours - 150 mg, with six hours - 115 mg.
For a weight of about 22.5 kg, Cefazolin is indicated for use in an amount of 140 mg with six-hour pauses between doses, and 190 mg with eight-hour pauses.
For children whose weight is more than 22.5 kg, Cefazolin is used, calculating a dose of 50 mg per kilogram. The resulting volume is intended for administration in 24 hours, that is, it must be divided into three or four procedures.
If a child has a violation of renal function, the dose is adjusted based on creatinine clearance. If the indicators are 40-70 ml / min, it is necessary to use 60% relative to the normal volume, withstand twelve-hour pauses between injections. At clearance rates in the range of 20-40 ml / min, it is indicated to use a quarter of the dose per day. Intervals between administrations - half a day. With a creatinine clearance of 5-20 ml / min, Cefazolin is used in the amount of one tenth of a relative to the normal dose. Frequency - once a day.
First, the stroke amount is administered, then the drug is continued to be used according to the described scheme.
Too much!
Using too much Cefazolin can cause side effects. Patients complain that it hurts and is dizzy. Paresthesia is possible.
If an overdose is observed against a background of insufficient kidney function in a chronic form, phenomena indicating the neurotoxic effect of the antibiotic are possible. A convulsive state is observed, the threshold of brain readiness for convulsions rises. The patient vomits, the rhythm of the heartbeat is quickened and broken.
If an overdose is detected, Cefazolin is immediately discontinued, treatment is performed to eliminate seizures. If poisoning reactions are observed, it is possible to accelerate the cleansing of the body of an antimicrobial substance through blood dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis is ineffective.
Negative consequences: what to prepare for?
"Cefazolin" sometimes provokes skin allergic reactions - certain areas may itch, hurt, and blush. There is a risk of fever, anaphylaxis, dermatitis, low blood pressure, angioedema. There are cases when serum sickness, bronchospasm, erythema, and necrolysis of the skin were observed during the administration of Cefazolin.
Cefazolin can cause stool and abdominal pain. Sometimes patients vomit and feel sick while taking the drug, loss of appetite, weight loss. Possible candidiasis, often localized in the oral cavity, as well as colitis, hepatitis. There is a risk of anemia, thrombocyte, pancyto, neutro, leukopenia. There are cases when an antibiotic provoked nephrosis, nephropathy, itching in the inguinal and anal areas, candidiasis of the reproductive system, failure, impaired renal function, agranulocytosis.
During treatment with Cefazolin, the content of bilirubin, phosphatase, AST, LDH, ALT in the circulatory system may increase. Possible increase in creatinine, prothrombin time. There is a risk of superinfection. In some patients, the skin turns pale during the therapeutic course, while others become too active. There is a chance of hemorrhage. When the drug is injected into the muscle, the areas where the injections are placed worry about soreness. Introduction to a vein can trigger phlebitis.
As for the analogues of the drug we are considering, those are: Cefasex, Reflin, Ceftriaxone and Cephalexin.