Every fifth person on our planet suffers from such an unpleasant formation as a maxillary sinus cyst, treatment, symptoms and causes of which will be discussed in this article. Throughout its life, such an education may not manifest itself at all or make itself felt with characteristic signs and pains. The development of this disease should be monitored, as well as promptly removed in the event of any complications. So, let's take a closer look at the symptoms, causes and treatment of maxillary sinus cysts.
general description
First you need to understand what this disease is. A cyst of the maxillary sinuses is a formation that is pathological in nature. Cysts are located in the maxillary cavity. In the human body there are only two maxillary sinuses: right and left. They are covered with special protective mucus. The maxillary sinus has a large number of excretory glands, which secrete this mucus. It is it that prevents various infections from entering the human body.
Sometimes it happens that these glands become clogged, due to which mucus begins to overwhelm them. The glands themselves stretch and turn into a neoplasm in the shape of a ball. This is called a cyst.
Inside the neoplasm contains a liquid that may be purulent or sterile. This will depend on the severity and duration of the disease. As a rule, maxillary sinus cysts, the treatment of which should be carried out only after the diagnosis of a specialist, are located on the lower walls. The severity of symptoms will directly depend on the location and size of the neoplasms.
Causes and Risk Factors
The etiology of this disease is associated with various chronic inflammatory processes and birth defects affecting the oral region or nasopharynx. The main reasons for which a cyst may appear include the following:
- The presence of chronic diseases of the nose, for example, rhinitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, polyps, sinusitis.
- Violation of the structure of the nose, including an irregular septum. Such an anomaly can disrupt the normal flow of air, as well as the supply of blood to the entire mucous membrane in the nose. Such defects may be acquired or congenital.
- Long-term exposure to the allergen. In particular, if these allergens have been located in the maxillary sinuses for a long time.
- Chronic dental diseases, as well as the inflammatory process near the dental tissues in the upper jaw.
- Immunodeficiency state.
Symptoms of the disease
Before referring the patient for diagnosis, as well as prescribing appropriate treatment for maxillary sinus cysts, a specialist should verbally interview the patient about any symptoms of this disease. As mentioned earlier, this ailment most often occurs without any signs, it is detected absolutely by accident during a physical examination or general examination of the body. As the cyst grows, other symptoms form. Over time, they become more pronounced if the lumen of the sinuses is completely closed.
These symptoms include the following:
- Soreness in the sinus area, which intensifies when the head is tilted down.
- The appearance of a feeling of heaviness, as well as pulsating pressure in the orbit itself.
- Pain in the cheek, radiating to the teeth.
- Viscous mucus that constantly runs down the back wall.
- Asymmetry of the face.
- Swelling of the cheeks.
- Headaches with bouts as well as migraines.
- Discomfort in forehead.
- Nasal congestion on the side where the cyst is located.
- Symptoms of intoxication.
With this pathology, in some cases, signs such as a split in the eyes, as well as visual impairment, are manifested. This is due to the fact that the eyeballs begin to shift, and their mobility is also limited. In these situations, patients do not go to the ENT specialist, but to the ophthalmologist. In some cases, the maxillary sinus cyst, the treatment and the causes of which we discuss in this article, does not manifest itself in any way, and the visual symptoms will be the main symptoms.
Types of disease
In the field of medicine, there is a separate classification of education on the maxillary sinuses. The cyst of the left maxillary sinus or the right can be of the following types: mucocele with mucous contents, hydrocele with serous fluid, and piocele with purulent contents.
In addition, by origin, these neoplasms are divided into three varieties. Let's consider them separately.
Retention cyst
Such a neoplasm is formed due to obstruction of the excretory gland, which produces mucus. Such obstruction can be triggered by swelling, scarring, as well as hyperplasia or blockage. However, the gland further works and produces mucus. Over time, the walls begin to expand, and the entire space is filled, the lumen closes.
Odontogenic cyst
Such neoplasms are formed in the inflamed tooth root, they are filled with pus. They are divided into radicular and follicular. Follicular form in children from follicles of deciduous teeth, which are inflamed. Radicular form at the very root of the tooth affected by caries. After that, he makes his way through the bone jaw tissue, falls into the sinus in this way.
False cyst
The origin of this form of cysts by specialists has not been fully studied, they appear to be cystic formations. As a rule, they are formed in the male part of the population. The pseudocyst occurs due to the effects of infection, allergens, as well as tooth pathologies located on the upper jaw.
Diagnostics
The diagnosis is established on the basis of the anamnesis after the implementation of diagnostic methods. For this, it can be assigned:
- Roentgenogram. In the picture, the cyst is similar to a rounded protrusion located on the wall and having clear smooth contours. This method determines only large tumors.
- Puncture. If, during the puncture, a specialist receives an orange-specific fluid, this indicates a diagnosis. This method is very inaccurate, since the doctor can pierce the protrusion only in the case of a large cyst.
- CT of the maxillary sinus cyst. This method is the most reliable, since it allows you to evaluate the internal structure of the problem area and determine the presence of pathology.
- Sinusoscopy An endoscope is inserted into the cavity through the outlet fistula, or a special hole, which allows you to study in detail the presence of the pathological process of this zone, and also, if necessary, conduct treatment and biopsy.
Therapy Features
So, we have sorted out the symptoms, types and causes of maxillary sinus cysts. Treatment will be carried out only surgically. In this case, one cannot do without such manipulation. Neither physiotherapeutic measures, nor warming up, nor any medications can eliminate the cyst of the left maxillary sinus or the right. In addition, physiotherapy is contraindicated, as the disease can go into extensive sinusitis.
There is no specific size of the maxillary sinus cyst, which suggests its removal. Indications for surgical intervention - the presence of complaints and complications in the patient. The operation of the maxillary sinus cyst is carried out in any clinic specializing in this. In state clinics, this is done absolutely free. In private medical institutions, the removal of the maxillary sinus retention cyst, as well as its other types, will depend on some conditions. As a rule, the cost of such an operation is about 40 thousand rubles. However, before this, the patient must undergo some of the diagnostic measures described above.
Postoperative period
After removal of the cyst or mucocele of the nasal sinuses, the patient should be monitored in the hospital for several more days. Depending on the methods of intervention, the patient may be disturbed by swelling, pain, and discomfort. If necessary, drainage is established and painkillers are prescribed. In some cases, the patient rises in body temperature.
Classical surgery is very traumatic, which is why specialists recently prefer endoscopic techniques and micro-gyrotomy.
Home remedies and medicines
If a person does not have any symptoms of the disease, then you can simply observe in dynamics. In such situations, they are engaged in therapy with folk remedies and medicines, for example, Sinuforte is effective. Before use, it is mandatory to familiarize yourself with the instructions for use of Sinuforte. Reviews about the price of this drug suggest that it justifies its high cost. For the acquisition of it will have to pay 2500 rubles. average.
As for the recipes of traditional medicine, then you can treat the maxillary sinus cyst in the following ways:
- Mix one tablespoon of vegetable oil with six drops of freshly squeezed aloe juice. With the resulting agent, instill a nose into a whole pipette 3 times a day for a month.
- Drops from cyclamen have also proven themselves in the fight against this disease. They can be made independently at home or purchased ready-made at the pharmacy. After using them, the patient actively sneezes and blows his nose. This leads to rupture of the walls, so that the fluid flows from the nose.
Pay attention to the fact that if you use traditional medicine recipes for therapy, there is a risk of developing an allergic reaction and some side effects. If the patient’s symptoms began to bother the patient, his chronic inflammation worsened, then this becomes the reason for the surgical intervention.
As mentioned earlier, not a single drug can completely rid a patient of a disease. The drugs only suppress the symptoms, but the consequences of the disease always remain.
Possible complications
In advanced cases, the consequences of maxillary sinus cysts can be very serious for human health. Complications can be observed with the inflammatory process or suppuration of this formation. Inflammation in such a situation can provoke not only frontal sinusitis or sinusitis, but also go to the external soft tissue. The following complications are observed:
- Nasal cavity: chronic inflammatory process, sinusitis.
- Eye socket: abscess, phlegmon, cavernous sinus thrombosis.
- Inside the skull: encephalitis, meningitis, brain abscess, thrombosis.
The risk of these complications forces patients with such a disease to visit doctors periodically, as well as to monitor the development of the process.
How to avoid the disease?
One of the preventive measures of this disease is the timely rehabilitation and treatment of diseases of the oral cavity. This is due to the fact that in most cases they have a odontogenic nature. In addition, in order to avoid the development of such anomalies, competent therapy of sinusitis, chronic rhinitis and other diseases of the nose helps.
If you have symptoms of a maxillary sinus cyst, then it is better to immediately use surgical intervention so that you do not suffer from possible complications in the future.
Remember that the final decision on the treatment of the disease is made only by a doctor who understands all the features of the pathological process and associated human diseases.