Currently, there are a large number of different substances with multilateral purpose and use. These include sodium hydrochloride. In addition to the medical field, it is used in many domestic areas.
Sodium hydrochloride: significance
It is important that sodium chloride in small volumes (concentration of 0.5-0.9%) is contained in the tissue fluids of the human body and in its blood.
The constancy of osmotic pressure and is provided largely by this factor. The substance under consideration in small quantities enters the body with food. With various pathological deviations, which are accompanied by excessive secretion of sodium chloride, a deficiency of this element occurs. Such conditions are observed with extensive burns, severe and prolonged diarrhea, and decreased adrenal cortex function. As a result of a lack of sodium chloride in a person, blood thickens as the water passes from the vascular bed to the tissue. If the deficit increases further, then circulatory and nervous system dysfunctions develop, convulsive muscle contractions, smooth muscle spasms appear. To prevent such reactions, sodium hydrochloride is also used.
Release Forms
The agent in question is produced in the following forms: powder; in the form of tablets from which an isotonic solution is prepared; ready-made 0.9% solution in ampoules of different volumes, in bottles with a capacity of 5 and 6 grams - for the preparation of injections.
The most widely used in medical practice has a solution of sodium hydrochloride. Distinguish between
isotonic and hypertonic. In the first case, the osmotic pressure is equal to the blood plasma pressure - physiological solution. In the second case, the
osmotic pressure is higher. The first is quickly removed from the vascular system and increases the volume of fluid only temporarily. Because of this, with shock and blood loss, its effectiveness is insufficient. In such cases, a transfusion of plasma, blood or replacement fluids should be performed simultaneously. Such a solution is also used for dehydration and intoxication.
Indications for use and dose
Sodium chloride is used, as already described above, to combat intoxication and dehydration of the body in various diseases, such as foodborne illness , acute dysentery, burns, acute circulatory disorders, shock, diarrhea, peritonitis.
With intoxications and a large loss of fluid, the solution is most often administered intravenously by the drip method. Do it in large quantities - three liters per day. How can sodium hydrochloride be dangerous? The use of this agent is undesirable in the treatment of impressive doses of corticosteroids, with circulatory disorders that threaten pulmonary and cerebral edema, and with hypernatremia. It is necessary to limit the volume of the solution when administered to patients with problematic excretory function of the kidneys. A side effect may be observed - chloride acidosis, if large quantities of the substance are administered.
Other applications
Sodium hydrochloride in one form or another is used in various industries and in everyday life. For example, in the manufacture of paper, cardboard, artificial fibers, fiberboard. In the chemical industry, it acts as a catalyst or reagent, is used in neutralization reactions, in the production of shampoo and soap, for pickling aluminum and in the production of pure metals. It is used as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel. In everyday life it is used as a part of gels or dry granules for cleaning sewer pipes.