A modern person is faced with a large number of diseases, the list of which is constantly updated. Recently, such an unpleasant phenomenon as hemorrhoids has become widespread. According to statistics, more than 80% of the entire population had hemorrhoids at least once in their life.
Pathology Description
Pathology is an inflammatory process in the rectum, against which thrombosis occurs, as well as deformation and expansion of the venous system of the organ. External hemorrhoids are distinguished, in which blood clots occur in the lower plexus of the veins, as well as internal, when blood clots accumulate in the upper vessels. Hemorrhoids can be either inherited or acquired by the nature of their appearance. The disease is chronic in nature, in especially advanced cases it has a tendency to exacerbations. The article will consider in detail the treatment of stage 4 hemorrhoids.
Causes
The most common cause of hemorrhoids is dysfunctional disorder in the lower rectum. As a result of disruption of the organ, stagnation of blood occurs, the veins are deformed and stretched. Such pathological changes entail the formation of hemorrhoidal nodes, which are the most common sign of the disease.
Provocative factors
The following factors contribute to vasodilation and blood stasis:
- Excessively intense physical activity.
- Sedentary lifestyle.
- Bad habits.
- Gestation period.
- Frequent constipation.
- Inflammation or neoplasm in the rectum.
- Frequent anal intercourse.
Symptoms
At the developmental stage, hemorrhoids are characterized by a feeling of discomfort in the anus, accompanied by burning and itching, heaviness and redness of the skin around the anus.
Defecation against the background of hemorrhoids causes not only discomfort, but also leads to the opening of hemorrhoidal painful bleeding with increasing intensity. Further, hemorrhoidal nodes are formed from vessels subject to deformity , which in advanced cases fall out, causing pain and inconvenience to the patient.
How does the disease develop?
The development of hemorrhoids occurs gradually. At the initial stage, bleeding is accompanied only by an act of defecation, there is also a feeling of discomfort in the anus. The second stage is characterized by mucous secretions and prolapse of hemorrhoidal nodes with increased physical exertion followed by their independent retraction.
3 and 4 stages
The third stage is accompanied by an increase in pain, and the nodes can fall out even at the slightest load. The nodes have to be driven by hands, since they themselves are no longer pulled in. Stage 4 hemorrhoids is the final and most severe. The pains begin to be acute, they are constant and with increasing intensity. In addition, the last stage is accompanied by itching, bleeding and the inability to correct the fallen nodes. Treatment of stage 4 hemorrhoids should be comprehensive.
General recommendations
During diagnosis, the specialist palpates the final section of the rectum, after which anoscopy is performed using a rectal mirror. The most informative methods for diagnosing hemorrhoids are colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy, which are a study of the rectum using special tools.
In addition, the doctor prescribes a number of studies in the laboratory, including fecal and blood tests. Based on the diagnosis, appropriate treatment is prescribed . The early stages of hemorrhoids are treated with medication. As a rule, pain medications are prescribed, as well as drugs aimed at eliminating bleeding, inflammation and thrombosis.
How is the treatment of stage 4 hemorrhoids? The final stages pose a serious threat to human life and health and require not only taking medications, but also connecting surgical methods of treatment. In this case, the conservative treatment of hemorrhoids of stages 3 and 4 without surgery is aimed at maintaining the patient's condition at a stable level.
The first thing that is recommended for patients with hemorrhoids is a dramatic lifestyle change. It is important to follow a special diet, enriching the daily diet with fiber, which helps to improve the digestion process. It is also recommended several times a day to carry out hygiene procedures, do therapeutic exercises and move more. To eliminate unpleasant symptoms in the form of burning and itching, as well as stop the inflammatory process, doctors prescribe rectal suppositories based on ichthyol, propolis, sea buckthorn oil, etc., as well as therapeutic ointments, such as Bezornil, Levomekol, or heparin.
Below we consider in more detail the treatment of hemorrhoids 3 and 4 stages.
Treatment of pathology in the third stage
The therapy of neglected hemorrhoids in the third stage is most often carried out using modern minimally invasive methods. A characteristic feature of this treatment is minimal damage to healthy tissue at the incision site. The most popular minimally invasive methods of treating hemorrhoids in the third stage are:
- Cryodestruction. The method consists in the destructive effect of liquid nitrogen on the hemorrhoid. The temperature is -200 degrees.
- Transanal deserterization. Arteries supplying the hemorrhoidal node are ligated, which leads to its atrophy. In some cases, the operation is complemented by a tightening and fixing the node on the inner surface of the rectum.
- Latex ligation. Hemorrhoidal nodes are compressed by latex rings. As a result, the tissue dies and is torn away. The most optimal method is suitable for the treatment of internal outliers. The procedure must be repeated several times, especially if there are several nodes.
- Bandaging nodes ultrasonic dopplerometer. With the help of a special ultrasonic sensor, the number and localization of the branches of the artery affected by hemorrhoids is determined. After a special signal, the base of the unit is stitched and bandaged, which leads to its desolation. If necessary, the procedure is repeated.
- Sclerotherapy. The hemorrhoidal node is filled with a special substance that provokes its compression and filling with connective tissues. This method allows you to stop bleeding. However, with large nodes, the method is ineffective.
All the methods considered allow you to eliminate up to five hemorrhoidal nodes at a time. All procedures are performed only by a coloproctologist. The advantage of modern methods of treating hemorrhoids in the later stages is the minimum degree of trauma, accessibility and effectiveness.
As a rule, the procedure is performed on an outpatient basis and does not require a hospital stay. However, there are several contraindications for carrying out the above methods, including the acute or combined form of the disease, the presence of an inflammatory process. When these conditions are identified, a radical surgical intervention is performed.
Treatment of stage 4 hemorrhoids
The most severe form of hemorrhoids is fixed in the fourth stage. Quite often, this condition is accompanied by various complications, including high-intensity hemorrhagic syndrome, tissue necrosis, and vascular thrombosis. Treatment of hemorrhoids of stage 4 is carried out by radical surgery, minimally invasive methods in this case will be ineffective. Surgical intervention can be carried out by various methods, including:
- Hemorrhoidopexy. Represents the removal of part of the rectal mucosa. This leads to a rise in the hemorrhagic node, disrupting their blood supply, which provokes their neglect and overgrowing with connective tissues. This stage 4 hemorrhoid operation is used only with internal nodes.
- Ligation of internal nodes according to the method of Subbotin. In this case, the sphincter is stretched, the base of the knot is notched and stitched, then it is bandaged and dies over time.
- Hemorrhoidectomy. The hemorrhoidal node is stitched at the base and is cut off with a scalpel. Surgery can be performed both in an open way, when the wound remains without suturing for natural healing, and closed, involving the wound being tightened with surgical sutures. The first is practically not used, since the healing process can be difficult and long, accompanied by complications.
Preliminary preparation
Conducting any option for the surgical treatment of hemorrhoids requires prior preparation of the patient. The patient will need to undergo a number of tests, including blood and urine, undergo fluorography and ECG, as well as consult an anesthetist and therapist.
If the patient has inflammation, therapy of the pathological process is performed before the operation. A few days before the operation, it is not recommended to drink alcohol and blood thinners. Immediately before the operation, a cleansing enema is done. It is impossible to eat on the day of surgical procedures.
The main disadvantage of the radical surgical treatment of hemorrhoids is a pronounced pain syndrome after surgery. Doctors prescribe painkillers to alleviate the condition of the patient. In addition, a common complication after surgery is bleeding from the anus, which can be stopped with a swab soaked in adrenaline. Men after surgery often complain of urinary retention.
Despite possible complications, surgery is inevitable in advanced cases of hemorrhoids. Neither conservative treatment, nor traditional medicine methods can cope with the pathology that has reached the fourth stage.
Is it possible to treat stage 4 hemorrhoids without surgery?
Folk recipes for hemorrhoids
In the later stages of hemorrhoids, as mentioned above, surgical intervention is required. Traditional medicine in this case is useless, like various medicines. Nevertheless, some recipes are recommended to be used as an aid to alleviate the patient's condition. The use of alternative methods can effectively and safely relieve pain, inflammation and stop bleeding with hemorrhoids of 4 stages.
Home treatment under the supervision of a physician
Celandine is often used as an agent that has antiseptic, wound healing, analgesic and irritating properties. Celandine broth or juice can be either taken orally or used as moistened swabs. Sometimes rectal suppositories are made from grass and fat.
What else can treat stage 4 hemorrhoids without surgery? Ordinary pharmacy chamomile is also a powerful antiseptic and anti-inflammatory. You can make baths with a decoction of chamomile, as well as lotions and enemas.
In addition, herbs such as wormwood, dandelion, yarrow, oak bark and horse chestnut have similar properties.
We examined modern methods for the treatment of hemorrhoids 3 and 4 stages.