Gallstone disease is a disease that occurs with the formation of calculi in the gallbladder. This pathology is quite common, mostly women get sick.
Among the main pathogenetic mechanisms that provoke this pathology, one should name a violation of fat metabolism,
stagnation of bile, as well as its infection. Among the provoking factors of
cholelithiasis are
old age, the use of certain pharmacological drugs (for example, contraceptives, Ceftriaxone), a specific role is assigned to hereditary factors, obesity, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, as well as gastric resection, low cholesterol and biliary duct dyskinesia. The development of this pathology is also facilitated by allergic and autoimmune processes, inflammation of the gallbladder, irregular nutrition, high cholesterol in foods, as well as strict diets. Treatment of
cholelithiasis depends on its stage of development, etiology and characteristics of the course.
Clinical manifestations
Quite often, this pathology is asymptomatic. When the stones leave the gallbladder, there is an attack of gallstone disease, which is manifested by sudden pain in the hypochondrium, nausea and vomiting, dry mouth, itchy skin. Yellowness of the skin and sclera may develop, dark urine and discolored feces are observed.
Gallstone disease treatment
At the initial stages of the development of this pathology, an active lifestyle is recommended. It is also necessary to normalize body weight and eliminate etiological factors - endocrine disorders, inflammation of the biliary tract, intestinal pathology. Dietary nutrition is important with the exception of fatty and high-calorie dishes.
Treatment of gallstone disease should also include taking appropriate medications, including the following:
• "Phenobarbital" (to stimulate the formation of bile acids);
• ursodeoxycholic acid - helps dissolve stones;
• peripheral M-anticholinergics (for example, atropine sulfate) - help eliminate pain;
• analgesics, which also eliminate pain ("Analgin", "Baralgin", in severe cases - "Promedol");
• myotropic antispasmodics (for example, "Papaverine hydrochloride");
• antibiotics.
When cholelithiasis develops, an operation in the form of cholecystectomy is most often performed with a calculous form with severe attacks of
biliary colic. Today, a promising method of surgical treatment is laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
In some cases, shock wave cholelithotripsy can be used for therapy, in which large stones are crushed into smaller fragments. It is worth noting that the treatment of gallstone disease should be comprehensive. The volume of therapeutic methods is determined only by the doctor, taking into account the characteristics of the clinical manifestations of this pathology, as well as the degree of obstruction of the bile ducts.