Chronic urticaria is a disease characterized by the development of allergic reactions in the body. Contact with an allergen leads to inflammation of the skin, including nerves and blood vessels localized in the dermis.
In the process of the development of inflammatory reactions, red blisters appear on the skin. All this causes significant discomfort to the patient. Chronic urticaria has a pronounced effect on the quality of life of patients. The specified pathology violates the daily activity of a person, worsens sleep. As a rule, chronic
relapsing urticaria develops against the background of sensitization, which is caused by the spread of infection (cholecystitis, tonsillitis, adnexitis and other infectious diseases), leading to dysfunction of the digestive canal, lymphatic system, and liver. During an attack, patients often complain of severe headache, hyperthermia, weakness, and edema of the
mucous membrane of the digestive canal causes vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. Painful itching is often accompanied by
neurotic disorders and insomnia.
Chronic urticaria: pathogenesis
Most scientists are of the opinion that the clinic of chronic urticaria is primarily associated with the activation of mast skin cells.
Under certain conditions, these cells begin to synthesize a huge number of neurotransmitters (histamine, serotonin, etc.). To date, the role of mediators of endothelial and mast cells in increasing the permeability of vascular walls has been proven. Mast cell degranulation has not been found to be associated with activation of high affinity receptors.
Chronic urticaria: symptoms
The main clinical sign of the presented disease is erythematous itchy blisters that rise above the surface of the skin. The size of the blisters varies from a few millimeters to three to five centimeters, they constantly change their location, often recur.
These persistent clinical signs do not pose a threat to human life, however, sometimes they lead to disability, significantly worsen the quality of life, cause significant discomfort. Patients develop insomnia, daily activity decreases. Patients tend to isolate themselves from society, which is associated with cosmetic defects.
Chronic urticaria: treatment
Therapeutic methods for the treatment of chronic urticaria are aimed at identifying, as well as eliminating, all factors causing allergic reactions. It is worth noting that in most cases, it is still not possible to find an allergen that causes the development of this pathology. Treatment of chronic urticaria requires a thorough examination of the patient, and without the advice of a dermatologist, treatment of this pathology is impossible. During treatment, the patient is usually prescribed antihistamines (Chloropyramine, Mebhydrolin, Clemastine, Diphenhydramine, Cyproheptadine), anti-inflammatory, antioxidant drugs, in severe cases hormones (corticosteroids, glucocorticoids) are used.