A bruise is a mechanical tissue damage in which there are no open wounds. It is accompanied by swelling, bruising and pain. If you have a severe eye injury , what should I do? You will learn this while reading the article.
Features of eye injuries
Severe damage to the eyeball can lead to impaired visual function. There are several features in the structure of this body, due to which any injuries can cause serious and even irreparable harm. Consider several of these features in more detail:
- unlike other parts of the body, the eye does not have support from the muscles;
- directly interacts with the environment, therefore it is vulnerable to external factors;
- complex structure, consists of very fragile elements;
- not all aspects of the structure of the eye are studied, some injuries and diseases are not yet treatable.
It is on the basis of these factors that it becomes clear why a bruise is a serious damage that can even lead to partial or complete blindness and other serious pathologies.
Causes of Injuries
The causes of mechanical damage can be many - a fall, a blow by some object, a fight, an explosion, etc. Most often, small children, older boys, adolescents, and people whose work is fraught with certain dangers are subject to such injuries. These include police officers, stuntmen, firefighters, athletes and others.
In any case, anyone can encounter this problem by accident, regardless of gender, age and occupation.
If you have a bruised eye, a bruise can be the most harmless symptom. The consequences can actually be much more serious. We will talk about this further.
Common bruising symptoms
Since the degree of injury is completely different, the severity of symptoms is also different. A severe eye injury is characterized by the following manifestations:
- The pain is most often quite severe, but may not be felt at all. It depends on the individual characteristics of the person and his pain threshold. In some cases, there is pain shock, and this symptom is felt later.
- Edema is a clear sign of severe bruising. It occurs due to accumulation of fluid in a damaged place. Most often, it appears on the eyelid and under the eye. It becomes fully noticeable after a day.
- Vision problems - there is nebula or blur. This is a very serious phenomenon, since there is a possibility of retinal detachment.
- Field loss - after a bruise, lateral vision may be damaged or completely disappear.
- Tearing is a temporary syndrome, usually resembles after a while.
- Photosensitivity is a condition in which it is impossible to look at the light.
- Dizziness and nausea - may disappear after a couple of hours, in the worst case, indicate a concussion.
- An increase in temperature is an alarming symptom, indicating complications and a possible inflammatory process.
Classification of bruises
If a girl hurt her eye, what should I do? First of all, it is necessary to determine the severity of the injury. In total, four are distinguished, each of which is characterized in its own way.
First degree bruise:
- the pain is not very strong, tolerant;
- the perception of the surrounding world is slightly deteriorating;
- the presence of small bruising;
- swelling of the cornea of the eye;
- pupil reduction, poor response to light;
- the retina acquires a grayish tint.
Injury of the second degree:
- well-felt impulsive pain;
- fear of light;
- profuse tearing;
- vision is noticeably impaired;
- the eye is completely covered by hemorrhages;
- the damaged conjunctiva is destroyed;
- the mucosa is susceptible to erosion;
- the pupils are dilated and do not give a reaction to light stimuli;
Third degree injury:
- the pain is clear, very severe;
- fear of light rays;
- tearing;
- vision drops so much that it is almost completely lost.
- the fundus is completely filled with blood;
- there may be a dislocation of the lens.
Fourth degree bruise:
- complete destruction of the structure of the eye;
- the optic nerve is torn off;
- the lens is dislocated;
- vision is lost.
Bruising effects
In addition to this symptomatology, with severe bruising, very serious consequences can occur:
- Disturbances in the structure of the retina or its detachment. It occurs when the capillaries do not withstand impact forces and burst. The risk group includes people with retinal dystrophy and its other pathologies.
- Corneal problems. Traumatic cataracts , clouding, or even destruction of the lens can develop.
- Ligament rupture. When they are damaged, the lens first suffers, it loses its transparency.
- Rupture of the iris leads to the fact that the pupil loses the function of narrowing and expansion, that is, the light ceases to respond. This indicates damage to nerve endings.
- Bleeding inside the eye - indicates the likelihood of retinal detachment and further deterioration of visual function, manifests itself a minute after receiving a stroke.
First aid for severe injury
If there is a bruise in the eye of a child or an adult (the actions will be the same in both cases), first of all you need to call an ambulance. However, before her arrival, you yourself need to help the victim. You can alleviate his condition in the following ways:
- with acute pain, compresses are applied with cold and periodically change them;
- a blindfold impregnated with an antiseptic solution can be applied to the eye. This method also saves with photophobia.
As a rule, severe bruises are accompanied by severe consequences, therefore, for a competent diagnosis, it is better to take the patient to a special eye center, since in the usual clinic there may not be appropriate diagnostic equipment.
Diagnosis of severe bruises
Examination of the damaged eye is performed by an ophthalmologist. It establishes the degree of injury and determines which elements of this organ have been damaged. The methods for diagnosing injury are as follows:
- Inspection by an ophthalmoscope. It is used to study the fundus of the eyeball and is effective in the presence of obvious retinal injuries. This method is inaccurate, so it’s best to dilate the pupil first. Otherwise, you can not see more than sixty percent of the retina.
- Inspection using a Goldman lens. Allows you to more thoroughly examine damage to difficult to reach areas of the eye. The device with this lens is available in specialized and private clinics.
- Vision test. The standard procedure is carried out using a table with letters. A surefire method that will show if vision has fallen due to a bruise or not.
- Gonioscopy Inspect the anterior chamber of the eye. Pretty painful procedure, using painkillers.
- Perimetry . Using a computer, they inspect the field of view, as injuries of this nature can lead to its violation.
- Ultrasound Allows you to determine the clinical picture with a clouded state of the cornea and lens.
- Tomography . It may be computer, or maybe magnetic resonance. In the first case, the eyeball and intracranial region are considered. In the second, defects of the optic nerves and muscles are examined, and motor abilities are checked.
Treatment
With severe bruising, the doctor will definitely prescribe medication. Most often these are drops - supportive and antibacterial. They will help relieve inflammation and prevent infection. In addition to traditional methods, there are folk methods for eliminating severe bruises.
Eye contusion: treatment with alternative methods
These medicinal recipes, which can be prepared at home, will only help with the removal of edema, reduce bruising and eliminate pain. In more complex cases, such methods can not be dispensed with.
1 way
One onion is passed through a meat grinder and a teaspoon of sugar is added to the resulting slurry. Mix and apply to the site of injury for twenty minutes. This will weaken the swelling and reduce pain.
2 way
Lotions from soda. A solution is prepared - a teaspoon of soda is placed in a glass of warm water. You need to apply several times a day to relieve hemorrhage and bruise.
3 way
If there is no bruising, then a mixture of turmeric and ginger in equal proportions is suitable for the relief of pain. Add a little water to get gruel. It is laid out on the eye and covered with cellophane.
After the swelling has gone, the residual effects can be cured with the help of heat. It favorably affects damaged tissues, promotes their healing.
Cabbage lotion helps very well.
Fresh cabbage leaves are peeled and poured with boiling water for several minutes. Then applied to the affected area. Do this procedure at least twice a day, keep about two hours.
Remember that self-treatment can only exacerbate the situation. Therefore, it is still worth visiting a doctor and getting his consultation.
Treatment of bruises with medical methods
If the consequences of a severe bruise are not so serious and do not require surgical intervention, then the doctor can prescribe a number of drugs that will help cure a severe bruise. The most effective drugs are listed below:
- "Diclofenac" - relieves inflammation, reduces temperature, fever and fever, reduces swelling, eliminates pain.
- "Indomethacin" - stops the inflammatory process, relieves pain.
- "Suprastin" - reduces the activity of histamine, is a stimulant.
In addition to tablets, with severe bruising of the eye, accompanied by complications, eye drops are well suited. They are also prescribed after surgery. Usually the full course of these drugs does not exceed ten days.
- "Ciprofloxacin" - a drug that destroys microbes and bacteria, has low toxicity.
- "Ofloxacin" - a medicine against microbes, has a wide sector of action.
- "Pikloksidin" - is characterized by antiseptic properties.
Any eye injury is dangerous, because this organ is very fragile, and you need to be responsible for its health. That is why you should not neglect medical care for severe injury.