Swelling of the nasal mucosa is called excessive swelling of his sinuses due to an excessive rush of blood. In certain cases, swelling may be accompanied by inflammation.
The nasal mucosa plays the role of a kind of barrier, effectively delaying the infection, which enters the fragile children's body, preventing its penetration into other systems and organs.
The presence of swelling of the mucous membrane can serve as a sign that the body began to fight with pathological elements and damage leading to a similar reflex reaction. In response to the threat, the child may experience an increase in vascular permeability, in addition, blood flows excessively to the nose.
Causes of swelling of the nasal mucosa without a cold and with it
Mucosal edema usually occurs in children in the nose for the following reasons:
- frequent colds;
- the manifestation of allergies in some systems;
- mechanical injury.
An allergic reaction occurs due to the fact that the child’s body for some reason takes certain substances as foreign. And this reaction will depend on the response indicators of the child's body. In general, more than 200 varieties of allergens are known, the most common among which are citrus fruits, pollen of some plants and trees, wool, certain chemicals, and also medications.
An allergen, acting on the vessels of the nose, contributes to their expansion, the mucous membrane begins to more actively develop a special secret in order to prevent the possible penetration of allergens, which can provoke the occurrence of edema of the nasal mucosa.
With the development of acute respiratory infections, swelling of the nasal mucosa and runny nose is usually eliminated in 5-6 days, especially when the infection does not have time to switch to the nose. With a different outcome, the child may develop sinusitis or sinusitis.
If the inflammation of the nasal membranes cannot be cured in time, this can lead to rather dangerous consequences after a while: a large amount of accumulated pus during untimely therapy can, due to rupture of the nasal mucosa, get into the eyes, teeth, or even the brain.
Inflammation caused by excessive swelling of the nasal mucosa often develops as a result of persistent hypothermia: a long stay without a hat on the street, swimming in cold water can be dangerous, especially if the child has a weak, weak immunity. In certain cases, the cause of inflammation is the consumption of cold drinks.
The cause of swollen nasal mucosa in a child can often be adenoids. This disease develops due to a lack of essential vitamins, weakened immunity, and also often recurring SARS.
Swelling of the nasal membrane as a result of trauma is a completely natural, normal reaction of the body. Due to mechanical trauma, the integrity of the nasal membrane is violated, as a result of which the protective systems try to quickly and fully compensate for the resulting “damage”.
The time that will be required to eliminate the swollen nasal mucosa in a child depends on the health of the victim, as well as the severity of the injury. In children with good immunity, the process of regeneration of nasal tissues will be higher. But in children with diabetes, injuries will heal longer than usual.
Swelling of the nasal mucosa can sometimes occur with:
- hormonal disorders in the body;
- benign or malignant neoplasms in the nasal cavity;
- curvature of the septum;
- narrowness of the nasal passages;
- ingress of foreign elements.
Edema treatment
If swelling of the nasal membrane occurs due to trauma, the child should be taken to a traumatologist. He will be able to determine the level of damage to the bones and tissues of the organ. When an allergy occurs, the help of an allergist is shown, and if swelling provoked an ARVI, it is recommended to consult an otolaryngologist.
Excessive swelling of the nasal mucosa will be especially dangerous for newborns, since their body does not yet have the ability to breathe through the mouth. In addition, problematic nasal breathing can cause a baby to refuse to breastfeed.
You can try to eliminate excessive swelling of the nasal membrane on your own, using a variety of medications that are sold over the counter. In addition, you can perform simple procedures just at home! The main thing is to consult with a pediatrician to prevent dangerous complications!
Reception "Suprastin"
In case of allergies, which caused edema, it is necessary to exclude the effect of the allergen on the children's body as much as possible. To do this, you can take the antihistamine Hungarian drug "Suprastin", which contains chloropyramine in its composition. It is available in the form of tablets or ampoules intended for parenteral use by a child. But it is worth remembering that this drug is contraindicated for use by premature and newborn children.
With caution, the drug is prescribed for the following pathologies in a child:
- diseases of the village and liver;
- glaucoma;
- inadequate response of the body to the drug;
- myalgia;
- epilepsy;
- vascular and heart diseases;
- frequent constipation;
- gastric reflux;
- problem urination.
Lactose, which contains "Suprastin", can cause quite undesirable reactions in children who suffer from lactase deficiency. While taking this drug, the child is not recommended to be in the sun for a long time, so as not to provoke the development of photosensitivity.
Exceeding the dose of Suprastin can provoke the development of symptoms that are similar to atropine poisoning: impaired coordination in a child, involuntary movements, excessive anxiety, convulsions and hallucinations, sinus tachycardia, dilated pupils, fever, and possible urinary retention.
The child may also have a state of increased arousal, which can be replaced by lethargy, postictal depression, and rare seizures. It is recommended to actively monitor cardiac and pulmonary function, as well as perform symptomatic treatment.
Baby nasal drops
To facilitate the child's breathing process, pediatricians show the use of a vasoconstrictor drop, and if the signs of allergy have not disappeared after some time or if swelling has passed to the throat, it is necessary to provide the child with emergency care.
With the development of swelling in the nose, which was caused by frequent acute respiratory viral infections, it is necessary to quickly affect the source of infection, since after its destruction the unpleasant signs of edema also disappear.
With a relatively mild form of swelling of the nasal membrane without pus and fever, you can rinse the nasal passages with a solution of salt, apply inhalations, sprays and ointments that help improve breathing, as well as narrowing of blood vessels.
But it should be noted that the body will get used to these funds, because of which it will cease to resist the formed edema without outside help. So, you do not need to use drops for more than 5 days.
The list of vasoconstrictor drops for children can be found further.
Naphthyzin
This drug has a persistent vasoconstrictor effect due to the effect of adrenoreceptors on the peripheral vessels. According to the instructions for use, "Naphthyzin" is applied to the mucous membranes of the child’s nose, it is possible to effectively reduce swelling and hyperemia, greatly facilitating rhinitis through the nose.
This tool is used for childhood eustachitis, acute rhinitis, otitis media, as well as inflammation of the sinus appendages. However, it is not recommended to use "Naphthyzinum" for more than 4 days, and its reuse is possible only after 1.5-2 weeks.
Based on the instructions for use of "Naphthyzinum", these drops are used after a good cleansing of the nose, instilling 3 drops of a solution with a dosage of 0.05% in the nostrils of a child. Also, if necessary, you can introduce a cotton swab moistened in a solution into the nose for 2 minutes.
Tizin
According to the instructions for use of "Tizin" for children, this remedy is used for symptomatic treatment of patients suffering from bacterial, vasomotor and allergic rhinitis. In addition, it is used as an effective tool for performing complex therapy of viral infections, sinusitis and pharyngitis. Acute viral infections can be accompanied by nasal edema, as well as rhinorrhea.
Instructions for use of "Tizin" for children indicate that it is not advisable to use for patients with glaucoma or high sensitivity to the substance tetrisoline. This tool is contraindicated for the treatment of nasal inflammation, which is not accompanied by hypersecretion.
It is not recommended to give Tizin to children who take tricyclic-type antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In addition, Tizin is not intended for children who are under 2 years old, suffer from pheochromocytoma, diabetes, hypertension, as well as other pathologies of the endocrine and vascular system.
When a child is exceeded, an increased adsorption of alpha-sympathomimetic imidazole derivatives is usually observed, which can inhibit the central nervous system, which is accompanied by a decrease in heart rate, low temperature, loss of strength, hypotension, and sudden respiratory arrest.
Children may experience nausea and vomiting, dilated pupils, respiratory failure, cyanosis, pulmonary edema, fever, as well as minor mental disorders. At the first symptoms of an overdose, the child should rinse the stomach faster, give activated charcoal, give a lot to drink, and also perform symptomatic treatment.
Nazonex
Mometasone, which is the active substance of these drops, refers to synthetic glucocorticosteroids. Simply put, it is an effective hormonal agent that has a powerful anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effect on the nose, reducing swelling of the mucous membrane.
"Nasonex" in case of edema of the nasal mucosa in a child will not be absorbed into the blood, use it topically. No systemic effect will be exerted, due to which these drops are allowed to be taken by children who have reached 2 years of age.
Indications for use by a drop: acute sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, non-bacterial rhinosinusitis or nasal polyposis. The appointment of a drop for children with sinusitis and adenoids can be ineffective, since the cause of inflammation in the tonsils of the nasopharynx will be bacteria and viruses.
Spray "Nazonex" is not prescribed for surgical interventions and possible nasal injuries, infections, hypersensitivity, as well as children under 2 years of age. Common adverse events include itching and burning sensation in the nose, bronchospasm, pharyngitis, as well as candidiasis.
Avamis
This is a local and quite effective drug, which contains fluticasone furoate - a trifluorinated synthetic glucocorticosteroid. Avamis has a rather high affinity for glucocorticoid receptors, with a persistent anti-inflammatory effect.
Nasal drops are used intranasally, but in order to achieve the effect, it is recommended to adhere to the regularity of the pattern of use. The action of this tool is observed for 8 hours after the first treatment of the nasal cavities with Avamis. If a child’s nasal mucosa swells at night, then this is the first remedy that is used for such a pathology.
Side effects include nosebleeds, Quincke's edema, ulceration of the nasal mucosa, anaphylaxis, urticaria and a possible rash. Since this is a hormonal drug, it is undesirable to use it together with other hormonal agents, since the combined effect tends to cause an overdose.
Judging by the reviews, “Avamis” in case of edema of the nasal mucosa is not advised for a child to be assigned to individual intolerance of some of its components. Extremely carefully, this drug should be used for children suffering from severe liver damage. The use of a spray is not recommended for people who are prone to frequent nosebleeds, in the presence of wounds on the mucous membranes of the nose, as well as after surgical interventions.
Other treatments
Inside, the use of antiviral drugs is indicated, which will prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria, as a result of which they will not affect other organs.
The effect of taking these drugs is clinically proven, but it is worth noting that some of them have side effects, even delayed, so it is undesirable to use them in childhood.
In case of infection in the sinuses of the nose, the child may be prescribed intravenous or local use of drugs: immunostimulants, antibiotics, antiseptics. With excessive accumulation of pus, rinse your nose urgently and thoroughly with furacilin solution and other antimicrobial agents. It is better to perform this procedure under the supervision of a doctor, as improper execution can cause infection in the ear.
When swelling of the nasal mucosa without concomitant pathological secretions, mechanical damage to his sinuses can be suspected. In this case, first you need to apply cold to the nose as quickly as possible - this will narrow the blood vessels and also stop the flow of lymph and blood.
Edema usually goes away on its own when tissue repair occurs. To speed up the regeneration, there are special healing ointments for children, and to eliminate excessive swelling, you can use vasoconstrictor drops. With a more severe course of inflammation, surgery may be necessary.
If the mucous membrane is swollen as a result of certain hormonal disorders, the doctor, after a thorough analysis, may prescribe medications that help lower the hormone level.
Alternative treatment of edema
The use of synthetic drugs can cause quite serious damage to the body, especially with the intolerance of their components, as well as with weak immunity. A serious influence is exerted on the digestive tract of a child, as a result of which various disorders, bacterial reproduction, and also microflora disturbance can occur.
The main advantage of the "grandmother" methods of eliminating swelling of the mucous membrane of the sinuses is that they are completely safe for children. But it is very important to comply with the age-appropriate dosage. So, to relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa at home, it is recommended to use such folk remedies:
- Inhalation. Even if there is no nebulizer, inhalation can be done using 4 drops of healing essential coniferous oils, which must be added to boiling water. You can also alternate oils. You need to breathe over boiling water very carefully so as not to burn the mucous membrane.
- Honey in the absence of allergies is bred with water, observing a proportion of 1: 1. The resulting mixture is instilled into the nose in 2 drops throughout the day. It will also be useful to take honey inside, as it strengthens the immune system, providing a powerful antimicrobial effect, helping to eliminate viruses. A child can drink a maximum of 50 g of honey per day.
- An iodine solution is also one of the best methods than to remove the swelling of the nasal mucosa in a child due to the presence of a bacterial infection. In order to prepare a solution, you need to take a glass of heated water and add 2 drops of iodine. The main thing is that the composition does not fall into the throat, and the child does not swallow it. Therefore, this method can only be used by adult children.
- Potato inhalation: for this you need to boil the potatoes without peeling them, after which, covered with a large towel and pan, inhale the resulting vapors until the potatoes have cooled.
- Onion juice: a large onion should be mashed with a blender, add 3 tsp. onion gruel in a glass of warm water. For an additional effect, you can put 1 tsp. liquid honey. The resulting remedy must be insisted for an hour, after which each nasal sinus should be instilled with 5 drops of the obtained remedy.
- Aloe juice: cut 4 fleshy lower leaves, washed well and grinded with a meat grinder. The resulting juice is squeezed through cheesecloth and instilled in the nasal passage of the nose 3 drops 4 times a day.
After the fact
Pharmacies sell a lot of drugs that help relieve swelling in the nasal mucosa, and sites on the Internet, bookstores and a variety of thematic brochures abound in traditional methods of treatment. Children's therapy should be carried out under the strict supervision of a pediatrician. It is known that for newborns, puffiness can be very life-threatening, since the child can simply suffocate when feeding or during sleep. How to quickly remove swelling of the nasal mucosa in children and not harm the baby?
It is not recommended to use vasoconstrictor drugs that have a short-term effect. The fact is that after the initial improvement, the nasal membrane may swell even more. It is advisable to use drops that have a longer effect, and do this infrequently so that addiction does not develop, and it is also necessary to monitor the dosage.