Man is given to see and hear the beauty of the world. It is through the eyes that about 90% of the information comes in, and thanks to the organ of hearing, we perceive sounds from the outside world. The state of health of these organs is of great importance so that a person can lead a full-fledged lifestyle. Consider the disease of the organs of vision and hearing in a little more detail, we will study the causes, methods of treatment and methods of prevention.
Types of diseases of the organs of vision
The organs of vision begin to form even when the baby is in the womb. The most intensive period of development is the age from 1 year to 5 years. The eyeball grows up to 14-15 years. In 2-3 years, eye mobility is formed, it is at this age that strabismus may appear.
An important role is played by the hereditary factor and the general state of health. Irritability, fatigue, nervous stress not only affect the nervous system, but, as scientists have proven, are the causes of diseases of the organ of vision.
Here are just some of the types of eye diseases that are most common:
- Myopia or myopia. This is a visual impairment in which the image is formed not on the retina, but in front of it. As a result, objects located close by are clearly visible, and poorly visible are those that are far away. It usually develops in adolescence. If left untreated, the disease progresses and can lead to significant loss of vision and disability.
- Hypermetropia or hyperopia. This is a visual impairment in which an image is formed behind the retina. In youth, with the help of accommodation tension, you can achieve a clear image. People suffering from such a disease often experience headaches with eye strain.
- Strabismus or strabismus. This is a violation of the parallelism of the visual axes of both eyes. The main symptom is the asymmetric position of the cornea with respect to the corners and edges of the eyelids. Strabismus can be congenital and acquired.
- Astigmatism. A visual defect in which the shape of the cornea of the lens or eye is impaired, as a result of which a person loses the ability to see a clear image. If this is not treated, it can lead to a sharp drop in vision or strabismus.
- Nystagmus, or eye trembling, is manifested by spontaneous oscillation of the eyeballs.
- Amblyopia. This defect is associated with a decrease in vision, can not be corrected with lenses or glasses.
- Cataracts are characterized by clouding of the lens of the eye.
- Glaucoma. A disease associated with a constant or periodic increase in intraocular pressure. As a result, a decrease in visual acuity and atrophy of the optic nerve.
- Computer visual syndrome. Characterized by photosensitivity, dry eyes, pain, double vision.
- Conjunctivitis. It is characterized by inflammation of the membrane covering the eyeball and eyelids from the side of the eye.
These are just some of the diseases that are directly related to the visual analyzer.
Causes of the disease of the organ of vision
For the development of any disease, there must be reasons for it, naturally, eye diseases also have them.
1. Myopia. Causes:
- Spasm of accommodation.
- Change in the shape of the cornea.
- Lens displacement due to trauma.
- Lens sclerosis, which is characteristic of the elderly.
2. The reasons for farsightedness:
- Reduced size of the eyeball, so all babies are farsighted. The child grows, and with it the eyeball is up to 14-15 years old, so this defect may disappear with age.
- The ability of the lens to change curvature decreases. This defect appears in old age.
3. Strabismus. Causes:
- Injuries.
- Farsightedness, myopia, moderate and high astigmatism.
- Diseases of the central nervous system.
- Paralysis.
- Stress.
- Mental trauma, fear.
- Anomalies in the development and attachment of the oculomotor muscles.
- Infectious diseases.
- Somatic diseases.
- A sharp drop in vision of one eye.
4. Causes of astigmatism:
- Most often, this defect is congenital and does not cause inconvenience to most.
- Eye injuries.
- Corneal Disease
- Surgery on the eyeball.
5. Eye tremors. The reasons are as follows:
- Congenital or acquired visual impairment.
- Drug Poisoning.
- Damage to the cerebellum, pituitary, or medulla oblongata.
6. Amblyopia may occur if there is:
- Strabismus.
- Genetic predisposition.
7. Cataract. The reasons are as follows:
- Radiation.
- Injury.
- Diabetes.
- Natural aging.
8. Glaucoma occurs for the following reason:
- Increased intraocular pressure.
9. Computer vision syndrome. The reasons stem from the name itself:
- The negative impact of computer and television radiation.
- Non-observance of lighting standards during work and reading.
10. Conjunctivitis has the following causes:
- Allergy.
- Various infections.
- Chemical exposure.
- Damage.
It can be concluded: there are always many different diseases of the organs of vision, and there are always reasons for their development.
Treatment and prevention of diseases of the organ of vision
For the treatment of diseases of the organ of vision use:
- Point correction.
- Contact lenses.
- Drug treatment.
- Physiotherapeutic procedures.
- Therapeutic exercises for the eyes.
- In some cases, surgery is possible.
In order to prevent the occurrence of eye diseases, several rules must be observed:
- Minimize exposure to negative points. Lighting should be bright enough and not blind your eyes. If you work at a computer or your work is connected with the fact that you have to strain your eyesight, you need to take a break every 15-20 minutes. Do gymnastics for the eyes. Watching television should also be interrupted intermittently. Children under 3 years old are not recommended to watch TV.
- Exercise, lead an active lifestyle. Walk as much as possible. Exercise should be 150 minutes per week.
- To refuse from bad habits. Stop smoking, and the risk of cataracts will decrease several times.
- Learn to cope with stress. Balance and calm will help to maintain health.
- Keep your blood sugar under control, especially if you have diabetes. Have a checkup regularly.
- Control your weight. Overweight leads to an increase in blood sugar, that is, to diabetes, with this disease, vision can noticeably worsen.
- Eat properly. Take vitamins.
If you follow these simple rules, then the view of the world will remain clear and clear.
Attention! If you have vision problems, you should consult an ophthalmologist.
Having made several conclusions about vision, we consider a disease of the hearing organs. Since hearing is of no small importance in human life. The ability to hear and perceive the sounds of the world makes life brighter and richer.
What are the diseases of the hearing organs?
All diseases associated with ear disease can be divided into several groups.
- Inflammatory Accompanied by pain, suppuration, itching, fever, hearing impairment are possible. These are diseases such as otitis media, labyrinthitis.
- Non-inflammatory. Accompanied by impaired hearing, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus. These diseases are: otosclerosis, Meniere's disease.
- Fungal diseases. They are characterized by discharge from the ear, itching and tinnitus. A complication of the disease can lead to sepsis.
- Diseases resulting from trauma. Eardrum rupture due to physical exertion or pressure drops.
These are the main diseases of the hearing organ, and their prevention will reduce the risks of serious complications.
Negative factors affecting hearing
There are diseases, the course of which can negatively affect the hearing. Among them, I especially want to note the following:
- Hearing disorder.
- Meningitis.
- Colds.
- Diphtheria.
- Sinusitis
- Frequent rhinitis.
- Flu.
- Measles.
- Syphilis.
- Scarlet fever.
- Piggy.
- Rheumatoid arthritis.
- Stress.
As you can see from the list, there are a lot of dangerous diseases, we suffer a large number of diseases in childhood.
Hearing problems in children
Often there are diseases of the hearing organs in children. The most common of these is otitis media. It is not the disease itself that is dangerous, but the complications resulting from improper or untimely treatment. Chronic diseases of the hearing organ in children can cause hearing loss and impaired functioning of the central nervous system.
If we consider the structure of the auditory analyzer in a child, this will explain the increased risk of the disease becoming chronic. The size of the Eustachian tube is much wider and shorter than that of an adult. It connects the nasopharynx and the tympanic cavity, and the respiratory infections that children so often suffer from are primarily in the nasopharynx. Due to the short and wide Eustachian tube, the infection can easily enter the ear cavity. Otitis media creeps into the body from the inside, therefore the prevention of hearing diseases in children is very important.
It is very important to teach the child to blow his nose properly so that mucus from the nose does not enter the ear. It is necessary to clamp the nostrils in turn.
In infants, regurgitation can lead to otitis media, so it is important to keep the baby upright after feeding. Kids often lie, and if there is a runny nose or the baby often spits up, you need to keep it upright more often and turn it in the bed from one side to the other, preventing the infection from getting into the tympanic cavity.
Also, the growth of adenoid tissue can provoke an inflammatory process and, as a result, cause hearing impairment. It is necessary to treat rhinitis, inflammatory diseases of the throat in time.
Hearing Aid
If there are problems with the organs of hearing, it is necessary to consult an otolaryngologist.
Currently, there are many effective ways to treat such diseases. Depending on the cause of the disease, therapy will be prescribed.
So, inflammatory diseases of the organs of hearing are treated with topical drugs, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs are used.
Non-inflammatory diseases are usually treated with surgical techniques.
The fungal problems of the organs of hearing are eliminated for a long time with the use of antimycotic drugs. Particular attention is paid to the care of the organs of hearing.
Traumatic diseases are treated depending on the nature of the damage.
Hearing diseases can provoke not only respiratory infections. For some, this is a professional problem. Noise on a person has a great influence, including on the functioning of the nervous system, the cardiovascular and, of course, the hearing organs.
Occupational hearing diseases
There are many professions whose harmfulness is exposure to noise. These are factory workers who are exposed to the strong noise of working machines and machines throughout the entire working day. Machinists and tractor drivers are subject to strong vibration, which affects the hearing organs.
Loud noise affects a person’s performance and health. It irritates the cerebral cortex, thereby causing rapid fatigue, loss of attention, and this can lead to injury in the workplace. A person gets used to loud noise, and a hearing loss occurs imperceptibly, which can result in deafness. Internal organs also suffer, their volumes can change, the digestion process is disrupted.
But not only noise is the cause of occupational hearing diseases. Another reason is pressure drops and exposure to toxic substances. For example, the profession of a diver. The eardrum is constantly under extreme pressure, and if you do not follow the rules of work, it can burst.
Under the constant influence of toxic and radioactive substances, the blood supply to the inner ear is disrupted, the body is intoxicated, and this provokes occupational diseases.
The most common disease is auditory nerve neuritis, hearing loss. A hearing disease can impair vestibular function and cause pathological diseases of the nervous system. Especially if you do not start treatment at the first stages of the development of the disease.
It is very important to comply with the rules for the prevention of hearing diseases for people working in such conditions. This is important for maintaining human health.
Auditory analyzer disease prevention
Everyone is able to, following some recommendations, keep their ears healthy, and their ears clear and clear. Prevention of hearing diseases includes the following rules:
- Use personal protective equipment: earplugs, earphones, helmets in conditions of increased noise for the prevention of occupational diseases. Regularly undergo professional examinations, observe the regime of work and rest.
- Timely treat diseases of the hearing organs, as well as the throat and nose. Self-medication is unacceptable.
- Try to reduce the level of household noise when working with household appliances, construction tools and equipment, use headphones or ear plugs.
- Limit the time you use the in -ear and in -ear headphones.
- Before taking the medicine, read the instructions and strictly observe the dosage.
- If you have the flu and respiratory infections, observe bed rest.
- Visit specialists in a timely manner if there are problems with the organs of hearing and diseases of the nervous system.
- Prevention of hearing diseases is primarily hygiene.
Hygiene of the organs of hearing and vision
Visual and hearing diseases cannot be prevented without hygiene.
To clean the ears you need to teach a child from an early age. To do this, use ear sticks. It is necessary to clean the auricle and remove secretions, if any. You can not stick a cotton swab into the ear canal, thereby creating an ear plug.
It is necessary to protect the ears from hypothermia, industrial and domestic noise, to avoid the influence of harmful substances.
Important! Prevention of hearing diseases will maintain health and the ability to hear the music of the world.
Hygiene of vision is to:
- Keep your eyes clean.
- Protect them from dust, injuries, chemical burns.
- When working with a hazardous tool, use safety glasses.
- Observe the lighting mode.
- To maintain good vision, all vitamins must be in the diet. Lack of them can lead to various eye diseases and visual impairment.
All these recommendations and tips are fully feasible. If you observe them, then your ears and eyes will remain healthy for a long time and will delight you with pictures and sounds from the outside world.