Treatment of fractures (lower leg, other bones) involves the restoration of the anatomical integrity of the structure while maintaining a normal bone shape. Along with this, it is necessary to take into account a number of difficulties with which these lesions can be associated. Thus, fractures of large bones can be accompanied by damage to soft tissues and significant blood loss. As a result, there is not only a violation of the anatomical integrity of the bone, but also a loss or violation of the function of vital systems and organs. Often, victims are shocked. Given all these factors, fracture management should be based on the implementation of several tactical tasks and a number of strategic principles.
The main strategic principles specialists include preserving the life of the patient, restoring the function of the damaged system or organ, as well as the anatomical integrity of the structure, returning the victim to his previous activity, restoring disability.
The tactical tasks are the provision of emergency care at the site of damage, adequate treatment of fractures in a hospital.
Undoubtedly, correctly and timely implemented first aid is one of the main points that largely determines the speed and quality of damage healing. First aid, on time and correctly provided, often helps to prevent quite serious complications, in particular, infection of the area of damage, re-displacement of fragments, etc.
Among the main initial measures, it should be noted actions that are aimed at combating or preventing a shock condition, as well as preventing the penetration of infection into the area of damage during an open fracture. In addition, first aid involves measures to ensure the immobility of bone fragments, as well as the delivery of the victim to a medical facility.
Prevention of tissue infection is an overlay on the damage of an antiseptic dressing.
Fracture treatment is considered completed when the functioning of the part of the body that includes the broken bone is fully restored. For this, it is necessary to restore the anatomical integrity, and the length and shape of the bone.
In the absence of bias, restoration is carried out mainly due to the internal resources of the patient's tissue. At the same time, the doctor has the ability to create certain favorable conditions for enhancing the healing process of bone tissue. Treatment of fractures with displacements is a certain difficulty. The success of therapy depends entirely on the qualifications and experience of the doctor.
For the most active course of the regeneration process, for faster formation of bone callus, a fixed and most dense contact of fragments is necessary. In this regard, specialists determine several principles in accordance with which displacement fractures are treated. The main ones are:
- Giving the damaged bone a position in which its shape and axis are maintained.
- Fixing the position so that the shape and axis do not change subsequently.
- Until the regeneration (restoration) is completed, maintaining the normal state of the bone as necessary.
Treatment of fractures without displacement, as a rule, is carried out by conservative methods. In this regard, the first principle mentioned above is not significant.
In case of damage with displacement, in some cases, matching fragments in the correct anatomical order is required.
It should be remembered that the treatment of fractures with folk remedies is unacceptable, since it can cause serious complications. Before applying these or other therapeutic methods, an accurate diagnosis is necessary, including a radiography of the damage.