Bladder neck: causes of inflammation and treatment features

The inflammatory process in the neck of the bladder is characteristic of cervical cystitis. This problem is inherent mainly in women, but in rare cases also occurs in children and men. Pain during urination, uncontrolled discharge and urinary incontinence are the main symptoms of the disease. To avoid the transition of the pathology into a chronic form and regular unpleasant relapses, it is important to begin treatment during the acute phase of inflammation. Sclerosis of the bladder neck in men is often observed.

Organ anatomy

The main task of the bladder is to accumulate urine transported from the kidneys by the ureters. Urine is released during urination through the urethra. This organ is located in the pelvic area and it looks like a muscle cavity in the shape of an egg, narrowed from below. This narrowed part is located at the place where the bladder passes into the urethra. This is called the neck. The neck of the bladder in men performs an identical function. The exit of the urethra and the gates of the ureters together form a bladder triangle.

The neck of the bladder is surrounded by a dense ring muscle, which is also double. This is called the external and internal sphincters, which create a sealing organ. Their function is to compress and relax, that is, to regulate urination. If an inflammatory process occurs in the muscles, these functions are violated, as a result of which involuntary urination occurs.

Cervical cystitis of the bladder extremely rarely affects only the neck, most often this process penetrates the bladder triangle. This pathology is called trigonitis. Inflammation of the neck of the bladder is a form of trigonitis that affects the lower part of the triangle.

How does pathology arise

The occurrence of an inflammatory process in the neck of the bladder occurs in the same way as with other forms of cystitis. In the first place, the cause may be infection. In rare cases, the disease is not associated with infectious agents. Then cervical cystitis can become a reaction to pathogenic flora: bacteria, fungi, viruses, trichomonads, chlamydia, mycoplasma, Koch's wand.

Possible infections

1. Downstream, infection can occur from diseased kidneys.
2. Pathogen flora can spread along the ascending pathway from the genitals and rectum. In women, this is especially true, because they have a special urinary system.
3. The infection can spread through the bloodstream from other infected organs.
4. Pathogens could enter the body due to surgery on the bladder.

Causes of the spread of the inflammatory process

1. Non-observance of personal hygiene and unprotected sexual intercourse. It is very important for women to keep the genitals clean because the rectum and vagina very often become sources of infection. Be sure to constantly take a shower, wash after going to the toilet, regularly change underwear, bathe before and after sexual intercourse, change pads in time, apply contraception methods (in this case condoms) and observe preventive measures against thrush. If you do not follow these simple rules of personal hygiene, bacteria can easily enter the bladder through the urethra. In most cases, the inflammatory process is the result of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli, Proteus, fungi such as Candida, enterococci and staphylococci.
2. Too long or improperly selected antibiotic therapy.
3. Quite often, cervical cystitis occurs in combination with flu, herpes and some other infectious diseases, in particular those that are sexually transmitted. In this case, the transport of the virus occurs through the bloodstream.
4. Due to the fact that the bladder is emptied at the wrong time and not regularly, its walls weaken and bacteria can appear on them.
5. If we talk about neck inflammation not because of infectious diseases, it is worth noting that radiation therapy, parasites in the body, as well as food irritants like spices, alcohol and chemicals also affect the walls of the bladder, causing inflammation. Trigonite can also be triggered by a special arrangement of internal genital organs. So, if a woman's uterus is in an abnormal position, then in the tissue of the bladder and bladder triangle blood will flow in insufficient quantities, because of which pathology can develop.

The development of the inflammatory process can occur due to hypothermia, swimming in ice water, a weakened immune system, unprotected intercourse, and a sedentary lifestyle.

Symptomatology

1. The main symptom of this pathology is uncontrolled urination due to the lost sensitivity of the sphincters. It is important to note that spontaneous urination is a complication of the disease. If you start treatment in time, this can be avoided.
2. Frequent urination, decreased urine output. In case of sclerosis of the bladder neck in men, on the contrary, urinary retention occurs.
3. The presence of painful, unpleasant sensations in the lower abdomen and perineum (a feeling of pain and burning during urination is possible). This is the main symptom of leukoplakia of the neck of the bladder.
4. False urination.
5. The urine may get an unpleasant odor, become cloudy, in some cases, impurities of pus or blood appear.
6. During sexual intercourse, uncomfortable, painful sensations can occur.
7. In the study of a general urinalysis, the following symptoms can be revealed: an increased number of leukocytes, pyuria (pus), red blood cells are also possible.

Acute form of the disease

An acute form of pathology appears suddenly. To all of the above symptoms can be added fever, general malaise, drowsiness, lethargy. There is irritability and nervousness due to lack of sleep due to frequent urges to urinate. Acute symptoms usually worry about a week, and then decreases or disappears altogether. However, do not assume that the inflammation on its own has passed. This suggests that the pathology has turned into a chronic form. It is important to begin treatment at the first symptoms, otherwise then a chronic disease will regularly remind of itself at the first hypothermia or malfunctions in the immune system.

Chronic form of the disease

Chronic inflammation is characterized by less pronounced symptoms, and during remission they are generally absent. That is why many people are delaying the examination and treatment of the disease, mistakenly believing that the lack of a clinical picture indicates the absence of a problem. However, this can lead to complications. Namely: regular uncontrolled urination, an inflammatory process in the kidneys, ejection of urine from the bladder into the ureters.

For a competent diagnosis, cystoscopy is performed, which makes it possible to examine the mucous membrane of the urinary bubble triangle. By the nature and size of the identified pathology, it is possible to determine the type of chronic cystitis. It can be polypous, necrotic, cystic, ulcerative and catarrhal.

How is the treatment prescribed?

As soon as you notice any of the symptoms listed above, urgently contact a urologist to undergo an appropriate examination and pass clinical and laboratory tests. This includes the delivery of urine and blood, as well as the detection of sensitivity to antibiotics. Depending on the result, the specialist will identify the cause of the spread of the inflammatory process and prescribe a competent course of treatment for the bladder neck.

General treatment recommendations

1. In the acute form of the disease, bed rest is recommended.
2. During the course of therapy, it is strictly forbidden to go to the pool, bathhouse, solarium, as well as play sports (especially active species).
3. It is necessary to consume a lot of fluids, at least 1.5-2 liters per day.
4. At the time of treatment, refuse tea and coffee and switch to a diuretic drink: infusions of herbs, compotes, fruit drinks from sour fruits and berries.
5. Eliminate irritating foods from the diet such as preservation, marinades, spicy sauces, spices and other savory foods.
6. Wear underwear made from natural fabrics that do not interfere, do not rub, and do not cause irritation. During this period, pay attention primarily to comfort, not beauty.
7. After the causative agent of the disease has been identified, a course of antibacterial agents is prescribed. Anti-inflammatory medications and drugs that support the immune system and improve blood flow to the pelvic organs are also prescribed without fail. It is highly desirable to take a vitamin complex.
8. In some cases, a specialist may prescribe therapeutic exercises and physical therapy.

The main drug treatment

Do not self-medicate in any case. Only a specialist can choose the right treatment, depending on the type of disease. The main drugs for the treatment of inflammatory processes include the following:

1. Effective drugs are those that belong to the antimicrobial group: Ciprofloxacin, Suprax, Furazidin, Monural, etc.
2. Herbal remedies can also be very effective: “Cyston”, “Kanefron”, “Fitolizin”. They have diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties, and also fight microbes.
3. In some cases, local drugs can be prescribed: rectal and vaginal suppositories (in case of diseases of the bladder neck in women), instillation. They help restore the mucous membrane, reduce pain and eliminate the inflammatory process.
4. In case of involuntary urination, “Detruzitol” is prescribed.
5. In the complex, you should definitely take vitamin compounds and drugs that increase immunity.
6. In the case of some diseases, surgical intervention is prescribed (for example, stenosis of the bladder neck).

Drugs and the duration of their administration are prescribed by a doctor. It is not necessary to independently regulate the course of treatment. Trust in a specialist to avoid the transition of the disease into a chronic form and possible complications, up to bladder neck cancer.