Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin B1. The drug is used to make up for its deficiency in the body and during the treatment of a number of diseases.
According to the instructions for use, “Thiamine” is a solution for intramuscular injection: a liquid of a transparent structure, slightly colored or without color, having a characteristic light aroma (in ampoules of one or two milliliters, 10 pieces in a cardboard box, 5 or 10 in a plastic one and blister packs; one or two packs in a cardboard pack; 5 pieces in a cardboard tray - one milliliter each, one or two tray in a pack).
Structure
One milliliter of the solution includes the active substance - thiamine hydrochloride (25 or 50 mg), as well as auxiliary components: water for injection, sodium dimercaptopropanesulfonate monohydrate (unitiol).
Pharmacology
In the body, thiamine is converted to coenzyme cocarboxylase, which is part of many enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions. A vitamin such as B1 is directly involved in fat, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. This substance, therefore, regulates material metabolism, and also positively affects the functioning of the body as a whole in the presence of certain pathogenic processes.
So it says in the instructions for use with the vitamin "Thiamine."
The drug has a unique ability - to influence the conduct in the synapses of nervous excitement, while at the same time improving it. Perhaps this is due to the fact that membranes change in the neuromuscular junction, resulting in a moderate ganglion blocking effect.
Vitamin B1 helps protect cells from the harmful effects of oxygen radicals. The drug, therefore, has antioxidant properties. After this drug enters the bloodstream, it gains distribution in the tissues, and about half of this penetrates the muscles. Thiamine is excreted along with feces and urine. Due to the fact that the vitamin is water-soluble, it is excreted rather quickly, without accumulating in the patient's body.
Pharmacokinetics
As indicated by the instructions for use, Thiamine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after administration. The substance is released before absorption by the digestive enzymes from the bound state. After fifteen minutes, it can be determined in the blood, after half an hour - in other tissues. The concentration of “Thiamine” in the blood is quite low, in the plasma it is found mainly “Thiamine” in free form, while in leukocytes and erythrocytes - in the form of phosphoric esters.
In the body, it is distributed quite widely. A relative predominance of the concentration of “Thiamine” in the muscles of the skeleton, myocardium, liver and nervous tissue is noted, which is most likely associated with its increased consumption by these structures. The striated muscles (including the myocardium) contain half of the total amount of the drug and about 40% in the internal organs.
The most active among thiamine phosphoric esters is thiamine diphosphate. Such a compound has coenzyme activity and plays a major role in direct participation in carbohydrate and fat metabolism. It is excreted by the kidneys and with the help of the intestines. This is confirmed by the instructions for use attached to "Thiamine".
Indications for use
The drug is used to make up for the deficiency in the body of the substance of the same name, if the patient has an increased need for it, with insufficient intake or excessive loss. In addition, this drug is also used in the treatment of many diseases.
“Thiamine” is used as part of the complex treatment of pathologies of the nervous system, including neuralgia, peripheral paresis, neuritis, paralysis, polyneuritis, radiculitis. Vitamin B1 is widely used in dermatology during the treatment of itching of the skin, neurogenic dermatoses, pyoderma, eczema and psoriasis.
"Thiamine", in addition, is used in the treatment of diseases of the digestive system, among which there are ulcerative lesions of the duodenum and stomach, liver disease, intestinal atony. In the process of quite prolonged physical and mental stress, during breastfeeding and during pregnancy, as well as in those who are on hemodialysis, since the need for this vitamin is increasing.
Contraindications
As a contraindication, individual intolerance by the patient of this drug appears. Caution should be used in the presence of Wernicke encephalopathy, as well as for women after menopause and in premenopausal women.
What else does the instructions for use with Tiamine tell us?
How to use?
The solution "Thiamine" in the form of ampoules is intended for deep introduction into the muscle. Therapy should be started with a low dosage (up to 0.5 ml of a five percent solution), after which, with normal tolerance, it rises. The following dosage is recommended: for children - 12.5 mg, that is, 0.5 ml of a solution in a concentration of 2.5%; adults - 25-50 mg. It is applied once a day, the duration of treatment is from ten days to a month.
Side effects
When using vitamin B1, excessive sweating, allergic reactions (itching of the skin, urticaria, anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema), tachycardia, and in some cases, a painful sensation in the area of administration may appear.
Overdose
With the introduction of the solution in high doses, no cases of overdose were observed. If necessary, symptomatic therapy is performed.
Special information
In accordance with the instructions for use for Thiamine injections, parenteral administration of the drug is advisable only if there is no possibility to take the vitamin inside: the state before and after the operation, malabsorption syndrome, vomiting, nausea. When using the drug in high dosage, a distortion in the performance of the spectrophotometric method for determining theophylline in blood serum, laboratory tests of urine for urobilinogen by means of Erlich reagent can occur. Anaphylactic reaction is predominantly characteristic of patients after the introduction of large doses into the veins. Before using Thiamine for Wernicke encephalopathy, you must take Dextrose.
Use during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
The drug can be used during pregnancy, as well as when breast-feeding a baby.
According to the instructions for use with Thiamine in ampoules, if it is administered parenterally at the same time as pyridoxine (aka Vitamin B6), the process of transforming thiamine hydrochloride into a biologically active form is difficult. With cyanocobalamin, that is, vitamin B12, the risk of an allergic effect of the drug increases, so such combinations are not recommended. In one syringe, you can not mix the drug with streptomycin or benzylpenicillin, because this will destroy antibiotics; with solutions that include sulfides, there is a complete decomposition of thiamine hydrochloride; with nicotinic acid, since Thiamine is destroyed.
If the drug is combined with suxamethonium iodide, phentolamine, sleeping pills, reserpine (sympatholytic), phentolamine, then their activity decreases from a pharmacological point of view. Vitamin B1 loses stability in an alkaline and neutral solution. It is undesirable to prescribe a drug with barbiturates, copper preparations, carbonates and citrates.
Analogs
Thiamine has the following analogues: Thiamine-Vial, Vitamin B1, Thiamine Chloride-UVI, Thiamine Chloride.
In the last drug, the dosage form is a solution for intramuscular administration. That is, it is released in the form of a clear liquid, slightly colored or colorless, having a characteristic faint odor. 1 ml of the solution contains: thiamine hydrochloride - 50 mg, which is the active substance; disodium edetate, unitiol (sodium dimercaptopropanesulfonate monohydrate), water for injection in the form of auxiliary components. Replenishes the deficiency of vitamin B1 in the body. This also confirms the instructions for use with Thiamine Chloride in ampoules.
The use of this analogue is indicated for hypovitaminosis and vitamin deficiency B1 and as a complex treatment of the following pathologies: in case of violation of coronary circulation; myocardial dystrophy; radiculitis, neuritis of various origins, neuralgia; peripheral paresis, paralysis; an ulcer of the stomach and intestines; intestinal atony, anorexia, atonic constipation; eczema, psoriasis, neurodermatitis, lichen planus and other dermatological pathologies associated with metabolic disorders and neurotrophic changes.
Such information is available in the instructions for use with thiamine chloride injections.
The solution is applied parenterally, by deep intramuscular injection. The first injection of the drug should be made in a dose of not more than 0.5 ml. If tolerance is good, then the dose may be higher. This is determined by the doctor, taking into account clinical indications. The course of therapy is up to 30 days.
This is stated in the instructions for use with Thiamine Chloride.
Reviews
There are various reviews about Tiamin. Experts note that due to the use of the drug, good results can be obtained in the treatment of alcohol dependence, which is accompanied by withdrawal syndrome, encephalopathy, neuritis, as well as in the prevention of the pathogenetic effect. The advantages of Thiamine are a wide range of applications in psychiatry and psychology, as well as low cost. But the therapeutic effect does not manifest itself immediately: in order to achieve improvements of a stable nature, at least 2-3 therapeutic courses should be taken. In addition, infiltrates may form, especially in older people, manifestations of individual intolerance, allergic reactions (skin rashes and itching).
Patients indicate that thanks to Thiamin they coped with severe pain in the back, and also increased the tolerance of physical activity, which helps to restore the body after a fruitful workout. In this case, the drug has no toxic characteristics, it does not worsen the activity of the liver; it is rapidly excreted from the body. Many people think that vitamin B1 helps to strengthen the immune system, but some patients believe that the introduction of it in no way affected the condition.
We reviewed the preparation “Thiamine” instructions for use, reviews and analogues.