Increased systolic pressure with normal diastolic pressure is a sign of a disease such as isolated hypertension. What is the reason for the increase in blood pressure, how dangerous is this pathology and what measures should be taken to avoid complications?
What does pressure increase mean?
As you know, doctors distinguish two types of pressure in a person - lower and upper. A lower rate is observed during diastole, that is, at the time of relaxation of the heart muscle. Diastolic pressure shows how much the peripheral blood vessels resist.
What does increased systolic blood pressure mean? This indicator reflects the force of compression of the heart muscle and its expulsion of blood. The level of systolic pressure largely depends on the intensity of myocardial contraction, the strength of the resistance of the vascular walls and the frequency of contractions in one minute.
In an adult healthy person, the upper indicator usually does not exceed 110-120 mm RT. Art., and the lower - 70-80 mm RT. Art. The pulse difference between diastolic and systolic pressure is approximately 35-40 mm RT. Art. - the so-called gap between these indicators. If blood pressure rises or falls, and unevenly, the patient should consult a doctor.
Who is at risk
If systolic pressure is elevated and diastolic pressure is normal, it is necessary to consult a doctor and undergo an examination. Most often, isolated hypertension is accompanied by an increase in heart rate and an increase in heart rate. Such a problem is usually observed in the elderly. In young patients, this cardiovascular disease is extremely rarely diagnosed, and, according to statistics, men suffer from this pathology much less often than women.
The causes of increased systolic pressure with normal diastolic can be discussed for a long time, and all because at the moment, doctors can not say exactly what factors provoke a violation. According to one version, pressure indicators are influenced by a person’s stress tolerance level, emotional shocks experienced by him, etc., but most experts say that isolated hypertension can be considered a sign of aging.
Regardless of the cause of increased systolic pressure, treatment of the disease must be carried out necessarily. This will avoid a number of complications and suspend the process of wear of the cardiovascular system. Hypertension can cause myocardial infarction, provoke heart failure, or cause a stroke.
During pregnancy
If isolated hypertension is diagnosed in a woman during the period of gestation, it is undesirable to delay a visit to a cardiologist. The thing is that for pregnant women, mild hypertension is considered the norm. There is no concern a slight increase in both indicators, that is, diastolic and systolic blood pressure. An increased upper indicator may indicate serious malfunctioning of the heart or blood vessels. If the systolic pressure exceeds the norm, the expectant mother must definitely do an ECG, ultrasound, angiography of the vessels.
Why is the top rate rising
If systolic pressure is increased, the reasons should be sought in the individual characteristics of the cardiovascular system. Isolated hypertension is of two types - primary and secondary. The primary form occurs independently on the background of age-related malfunctions in the body, and the secondary one is a consequence of the progression of other pathologies.
The older a person, the worse his heart works. Blood vessels also lose their elasticity with age. They become brittle due to a decrease in collagen production in the body. As a result, the pressure increases, the upper indicator increases especially noticeably. Heart valve failure can also cause secondary isolated hypertension. Such pathologies are found in people of any age, even in children.
A change in diastole values, in contrast to high systolic pressure, which directly indicates poor heart function or an unsatisfactory state of blood vessels, indicates a violation of the kidneys.
Symptoms and signs
An increase in systolic pressure with normal diastolic occurs in overweight patients who have a hereditary predisposition to diseases of the cardiovascular system. Some drugs can cause an increase in the upper indicator. In this case, the patient will experience the following symptoms of isolated hypertension:
- sleep disturbances;
- swelling of the face, lower extremities;
- numbness and tingling in the fingers;
- headache, dizziness;
- nervousness, lethargy;
- anxiety;
- rapid pulse;
- chills;
- failures in coordination of movements.
The risk that carries a one-time elevated systolic pressure with normal diastolic is minimal. If the problem arose for the first time, it can be cured forever. But in cases where hypertension becomes a chronic condition, the patient has an increased risk of developing:
- a stroke;
- anemia
- acute heart attack;
- heart failure;
- renal pathologies;
- malignant hypertension and death.
Pressure indicators that should alert
In the initial stages, arterial hypertension does not manifest in any way. The first changes are felt by people when the disease reaches the second degree. The optimal indicator of systolic blood pressure is 120 mm RT. Art., diastolic - 80 mm RT. Art. Raising the upper parameter by nine units, and the lower by four, is considered the norm.
Border hypertension, as a rule, speaks of pathological changes. In this case, the indicators are in the range 130/85 - 139/89 mm RT. Art. If, with repeated measurements, a pressure higher than 140/90 mm Hg was recorded. Art., diagnose the first degree of hypertension, above 160/100 mm RT. Art. - second degree, more than 180/110 - third.
High diastole readings
The causes of increased diastolic pressure with normal systolic are many. The lower limit of blood pressure may vary with:
- cardiovascular pathologies;
- diseases of the spine;
- atherosclerosis;
- endocrine disorders;
- renal failure;
- adrenal neoplasms;
- drinking alcohol;
- fluid retention in the body;
- inactive lifestyle.
In addition to these reasons, there are also a number of factors that increase the risk of blood pressure disorders - this is heredity, age, gender. As the disease progresses, symptoms of high diastolic pressure include nosebleeds, loss of visual acuity, insomnia, lethargy, and a feeling of tiredness even after rest. With constant hypertension, the heart muscle wears out quickly, the risk of developing a heart attack, stroke increases.
Is it possible to lower the upper pressure myself
If systolic pressure has jumped sharply, but at the same time such episodes have not been seen before, you should not panic. First of all, you need to calm down, sit down and take a few deep breaths. Cases that require mental and physical activity should preferably be postponed.
Before you look for potent antihypertensive drugs in your medicine cabinet, you need to take a cool shower and ventilate the room. A few drops of tincture of motherwort, valerian, peony and other sedative drugs will help reduce pressure. Among folk remedies, it should be noted decoctions of chamomile, rosehip, which are prepared at the rate of one tablespoon of dry raw materials for two glasses of boiling water. Insist the remedy for 20-30 minutes.
Preparations
Whatever the causes of increased systolic pressure with normal diastolic pressure, this disorder cannot be ignored. If the races become more frequent, it is necessary to consult a doctor. The specialist will definitely give a referral for examination, and in order to immediately help the patient, while preparing the test results, he will prescribe medications.
According to the results of the diagnosis, which consists of an electrocardiogram, ultrasound examination of the heart, blood and urine tests, the doctor makes a diagnosis. Confirmed isolated hypertension must be treated in order to primarily slow down the progression of the disease and level its detrimental effect on the patient's body. To relieve the condition of the patient will help funds related to the following pharmacological groups:
- thiazide diuretics;
- beta-blockers;
- angiotensin receptor blockers;
- calcium channel blockers.
Diuretics and adrenergic blocking drugs are the main medications prescribed to prevent acute cerebrovascular accident. ACE inhibitors are prescribed for patients with diseases such as diabetes mellitus, heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction. In most cases, it is quite advisable to use several medications at once.
What to do with increased systolic pressure, how to reduce the upper indicator? The most popular “trio” of drugs prescribed by specialists in isolated hypertension includes:
- “Papazol” is an antispasmodic and diuretic agent that helps relax vessels, eliminate muscle tension and discomfort;
- "Nifedipine" - helps to normalize blood pressure, is easily tolerated, is available in capsules;
- “Captopril” or its analogue “Metoprolol” is a drug that is available in the form of sublingual tablets and acts quickly enough.
How to increase low diastolic pressure
The principles of treatment for increased systolic pressure are not only to lower the upper indicator, but also to stabilize the pressure on the walls of the blood vessels as a whole. Increasing diastolic pressure is necessary only if the systolic is within normal limits, that is, does not exceed 140 mm Hg. Art.
Methods for raising the indicators of upper and lower blood pressure are not much different from each other. Everyone knows how to increase systolic pressure (or diastolic) - you need to do what is prohibited for hypertensive patients. The most popular way to increase pressure is to drink a cup of black coffee or strong tea. To increase any of the indicators, some users in the reviews recommend using a simple method: eat a small, generously salted piece of bread. The thing is that salt increases the workload on the kidneys, resulting in an increase in pressure.
If these methods, how to increase systolic blood pressure at home, do not bring results, you should consult a doctor. It is possible that medication is indispensable here.
Hypotension Prevention
In order to keep control of diastolic or systolic pressure in the future, you need to carefully monitor your health and lifestyle. The first thing that hypotonics need is a diet adjustment, a good rest and moderate physical activity.
Do not underestimate the importance of diet for blood pressure disorders. If it is desirable for hypertensive patients to refuse sweets, salty, fatty and spicy dishes, then hypotonic patients will bring these same benefits more than harm. The patient’s daily menu should include vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, sour-milk products. In addition, persons suffering from low blood pressure:
- Do not skip breakfast. The morning you need to start with a full meal - this is a prerequisite.
- It is advisable to limit sudden movements. For example, you should not abruptly get out of bed. A person with chronic hypotension must first do a little exercise to invigorate the cardiovascular system, and then get up. Otherwise, low pressure leads to dizziness, darkening in the eyes and even fainting.
- Drink coffee or green tea. By the way, the last drink may have the opposite effect, causing an even greater decrease in blood pressure.
First aid for blood pressure disorder
A person who suddenly felt ill needs to take pressure measurements. If it turned out to be below or above the norm, you need to act according to the following algorithm:
- Lay the patient on a flat surface so that the legs are slightly raised. Under the feet put a pillow or roller.
- Open the window in the room, provide air circulation, free the patient from pressing clothes or unfasten the buttons on the shirt.
- With increased pressure, give the patient a few drops of valerian or motherwort, with low pressure - a pinch of ordinary table salt for resorption. If positive changes do not occur, call a doctor.