Orheoepididymitis is a severe male urological disease of infectious etiology, in which the island-inflammatory process affects the testicle and is transmitted to its appendage. In most situations, the disease is formed in mature men aged 16 to 40 years (during the period of intense sexual life). However, orchoepididymitis is sometimes formed in elderly patients. It is important to know which antibiotic is best for others to treat orchoepididymitis.
Causes
Orheoepididymitis most often develops as a result of inflammation of one testicle (epididymitis) or due to inflammation of the appendage (orchitis). The causes of the disease are very diverse, but more often the disease develops due to factors such as:
- physical damage to the testicles or scrotum;
- decreased immunity;
- hypothermia;
- hypothermia of the body;
- increased or decreased sexual activity;
- stress, severe emotional disturbances;
- chronic diseases, infection of an infectious and non-infectious nature.
In men younger than 35 years, usually the reasons are as follows:
- infection with trichomoniasis, mumps, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, chlamydia;
- circulatory disorders in the inguinal region, stagnation of blood in the pelvis, unprotected sexual intercourse;
- history of chronic diseases of the genitourinary system - balanoposthitis, cystitis, urethritis - bacteria penetrate vessels or the vas deferens and infect the testicles or appendage;
- due to complications of such ailments as angina pectoris, pneumonia, syphilis, tuberculosis, cryptococcosis;
- improperly performed bladder catheterization;
- hypovitaminosis;
- after surgery on the prostate gland.
Symptoms of acute form
Symptoms of acute form:
- in the area of the affected testicle and epidermis, severe pain is observed, prone to amplification;
- pain on palpation or touching the scrotum;
- swelling and inflammation of the scrotum, followed by redness of the tissues;
- densification of scrotum tissue;
- an increase in the size of the scrotum;
- increase in body temperature to 38-39 degrees.
Symptoms of a chronic form
Symptoms of a chronic form:
- pain in the inflamed testicle, which periodically appears, intensifying during a person’s physical activity;
- a change in body temperature periodically for no apparent reason (can rise up to 40 degrees);
- if the cause of the disease is tubercle bacillus, the skin of the scrotum can form fistulas (fistulas);
- scrotum size and tissue densification;
- weakened immunity;
- hormonal imbalance - a violation of testosterone production;
- erectile disfunction;
- the formation of phlegmon on the scrotum;
- infertility due to disruption in the reproductive system during sperm production;
- disruption of the circulatory system, which can lead to a heart attack;
- tumor formation;
- violation of the urinary system.
Diagnostics
Diagnostic methods include the following:
- Conversation with the doctor. Using a survey, the doctor collects data on the development of the disease, based on the patient's complaints. Particular attention is paid to the nature and characteristics of a man’s sexual life, which is important for identifying the relationship of orchioepididymitis with sexually transmitted infections. Evidence of recent scrotum injury or surgery also plays an important role in diagnosis.
- Inspection The urologist examines the area of the alleged lesion. With unilateral orchoepididymitis, the appearance of the scrotum will be skewed to the sore side due to edema. The color of the testicle becomes purple-red, and the skin is hot to the touch.
- Analyzes. Clinical and biochemical blood and urine tests will be required to detect an inflammatory process in the body. To identify pathogenic flora, a bacteriological examination of a smear from the urethra will be required.
- A mandatory point in the diagnosis of orthoepididymitis is blood donation for the presence of sexually transmitted diseases (PCR, ELISA), which most often causes the disease.
- Ultrasound of the scrotum - is an auxiliary method of research, is prescribed to detect a hernia, dropsy of the testicles or tumor.
- Urethroscopy - is prescribed to clarify the causes of the development of the disease.
Treatment of orchoepididymitis in men
Since orchoepididymitis proceeds as an inflammatory process provoked by various infections and bacteria, it is often complicated by the symptoms typical of this (fever, chills, increased pain). Therefore, most often the attending physician offers therapeutic measures in a hospital.
As mentioned above, the cause of orthoepididymitis is an infection of the male genital organs, and treatment is carried out according to a standard, generally accepted scheme:
In the event that it is not clear exactly which infection caused the inflammation, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed to treat the symptoms of orchiepididymitis:
- penicillin group antibiotics (Amoxiclav, Ospamox);
- tetracyclines;
- cephalosporins.
If, using diagnostic tests, it was possible to accurately determine the type of pathogen infection, then narrow-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed, for example, which antibiotic is best taken in the treatment of orchiepididymitis:
- "Rifampicin", "Chloramphenicol", "Myocamycin", "Clindamycin";
- ampicillins (Ampic, Docillin, Dedompil);
- aminoglycoside group ("Geramitsin", "Gentostep");
- macrolide antibiotic group (Clubax);
- antibiotics of the group of azalides and fluoroquinols (Sumamed, Oflotsid, Ofloksin).
Therapy Rules
In the treatment of orthoepididymitis with antibiotics, there are a number of mandatory rules and precautions that are not followed if a man is self-medicating, namely:
- The attending physician makes a decision on the choice of any antibiotic for the treatment of acute orchoepididymitis (its dosage), taking into account the associated diseases identified during the collection of anamnesis. Otherwise, uncontrolled intake of antibiotics can provoke an exacerbation of diseases. In addition, there are limitations, as well as all kinds of side effects.
- Since very often, orthoepididymitis occurs against a background of a sexually transmitted infection, the specialist doctor suggests that the partner of the sick man undergo diagnostic tests and, if necessary, receive special treatment.
- As a rule, during the course of drug therapy, you need to know which antibiotic is best suited for the treatment of orchoepididymitis. The doctor in most cases changes the group and type of antibiotics. It depends on how effective the previously prescribed drug turned out to be, how the healing process is going. With self-medication, it is almost impossible to do this expertly.
- With the course of treatment of orchoepididymitis, sexual activity is excluded.
Using local tools
It should be noted that the use of local topical pharmacological agents (ointments, creams, gels, or sprays) for orthoepididymitis is not recommended by specialists. This is due to the fact that the skin of the scrotum is sensitive enough and the use of anti-inflammatory ointments can cause irritation. In addition, the skin of the scrotum, the body of the testis and its appendages are not soldered together, which greatly complicates the ingress of drug components to the site of inflammation. In addition to anti-inflammatory therapy with antibiotics, for the full treatment of orchoepididymitis, drugs are used to enhance the function of the person’s own immunity (the so-called immunomodulators) - this allows the body to fight the disease more intensively. For this purpose, a variety of vitamin complexes are also prescribed.
Non-steroidal drugs such as Olfen, Diclofenac and their analogs will help relieve swelling, inflammation symptoms, pain. In the case of pronounced pain manifestations, the attending physician recommends a number of pain medications, such as Ketanol.
Alternative treatment
Before starting treatment for orthoepididymitis folk remedies, make sure that you are not allergic to the components that make up the funds.
Herbal teas, fees and infusions can also have a healing effect. Herbal teas are effective. Here are some of them:
- Infusion based on lingonberry leaf, tansy flowers and horsetail. Take all ingredients in equal proportions, grind, pour boiling water in a volume of 1 cup and insist for half an hour. To achieve the best result, take 1 glass 3 times a day before meals.
- Herbal harvest. Five teaspoons of anise, parsley, dandelion, brew 0.5 liters of hot water and insist for at least 30 minutes. Take the same as the previous infusion.
- Tea on herbs. 4 teaspoons of corn stigmas mixed with a mixture of herbs (5 teaspoons each): rose hips, wheatgrass root, St. John's wort, mint, parsley and currant leaves. Pour all the components with a liter of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes. After the broth has cooled, strain and drink during the day in small equal portions.
Beekeeping products
To alleviate the symptoms of the disease, you can prepare a special ointment, based on one chicken yolk, 30 ml of vegetable oil and 20 g of beeswax. To prepare the preparation, melt the wax in a water bath, add the cooked yolk and oil to it. It is necessary to store such ointment in the refrigerator, and in between compresses apply to the scrotum area. Of course, do not forget to consult your doctor before starting alternative treatment.
Effects
Any pathological process of the male genital area, whether it is an infectious disease or a focus of inflammation, requires timely and complete drug therapy, as well as other types of treatment. Orheoepididymitis, which is an inflammation of the male testicle and epididymis, is no exception. Delaying with a visit to a specialist, ignoring medical advice, a frivolous attitude to this disease can lead to sad, and sometimes irreversible, consequences.
The most frequent and predicted negative consequences in the absence of adequate therapy for orchoepididymitis are:
- Acute orchioepididymitis can become chronic with all the symptoms and pains that cause a lot of discomfort to a man.
- As a result, the quality of sexual life, the level of potency is reduced.
- An untreated inflammatory process localized in the vas deferens can provoke the development of scars and adhesions in these organs, which in the future will cause their obstruction.
- With inflammation of the testicle, a scar or a tight knot can form, which will interfere with the passage of sperm.
- All these pathological processes, if the disease was transferred at a young age, can cause secondary infertility in men.
- Severe complications requiring emergency medical care include pathologies such as fistulas and abscesses in the scrotum, testicular infarction, complete obstruction of the vas deferens, and the development of a cancerous tumor.
Prevention
Despite the danger of a disease such as orchoepididymitis, its prevention is quite simple. This is primarily the use of personal protective equipment (condom) during sexual intercourse with an unverified partner, compliance with reliable disinfecting measures in urological research. In addition, men should try to avoid hypothermia, trauma to the organs of the genital area and, at the slightest suspicion of a disease, seek medical help.