Cervical fibroids today is one of the most common female diseases, which doctors call a benign tumor. This ailment becomes the main cause of difficulties arising from the desire to become pregnant, and a number of painful sensations experienced by a woman suffering from myoma does not allow her to lead a normal lifestyle.
Pathology Description
Another name for this disease is fibromyoma. It is a neoplasm of a benign nature that can arise from cells of the muscle layer of the cervix. Fibromyoma consists, as a rule, of connective tissue. Most women who have been diagnosed with this are afraid of the development of oncological changes in this neoplasm, but these fears have nothing to do with the real complications that may arise in this case. This is due to the fact that a timely diagnosis and adequate therapy help in most cases achieve a complete cure for cervical fibroids and prevent all negative consequences for a woman and her reproductive system.
Types of Fibromyoma
Medicine knows several varieties of cervical fibroids, the symptoms of which in some sense differ from each other. Fibromyomas there include:
- submucous or submucous, which grow, as a rule, in the direction of the uterus;
- subserous - fibromyomas that germinate in the direction of the abdominal cavity;
- interstitial - neoplasms that grow to the tissues of the muscle wall of the uterus.
Reasons for the appearance
The reasons for the development of cervical fibroids can be many factors. The main causes of this disease include:
- The genetic predisposition of the female body, when there are known cases of fibromyomas in close relatives: mother, grandmother, etc. In such situations, the risk of pathology in a particular woman is much higher than in others.
- Hormonal disorders lead to myoma and cyst of the cervix. Such changes can serve as fluctuations in the level of sex hormones, abundant periods in a woman, various malfunctions of the menstrual cycle, etc.
- Chronic inflammatory processes in the organs of the reproductive system.
- Injury that can occur as a result of abortion and various surgical interventions in the uterine cavity, as well as during childbirth.
- Irregular sexual life of a woman, which leads to stagnant processes in the pelvic organs and can be a factor provoking the appearance of myomatous nodes.
- Chronic endocrinological diseases, which include metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, an increase or decrease in thyroid function.
Symptoms of cervical fibroids
How is the disease manifested? As already mentioned, the symptoms of this disease can be different depending on what type of fibromyoma is observed in each case.
With submucous myoma, the most common symptom is uterine bleeding, as well as heavy menstrual bleeding. In this case, a woman may complain of severe pain in the lower abdomen. In the laboratory clinical picture, a sharp decrease in the level of hemoglobin, as well as red blood cells, is observed. This type of fibromyoma is the most dangerous, because most often in this case, women can not become pregnant and bear the fetus.
With subserous cervical myoma, severe pain is observed, especially during the period of active growth of this neoplasm. Pain can grow and go to the lumbar region or to the inner thighs. In this case, a woman may experience difficulty during urination, as well as problems with bowel movement.
Symptoms of interstitial fibroids are heavy bleeding during menstruation, a failure of their regularity, as well as a violation of the functions of the uterus and appendages.
Symptoms and treatment of cervical fibroids are interrelated.
Diagnostic methods for determining fibromyoma
There are cases when this disease may not manifest itself in any way. Diagnosis of fibromyoma is carried out through the following measures:
- Gynecological examination of the cervix using mirrors. This method allows you to easily diagnose cervical fibroids in cases where the neoplasm is large.
- When fibromyoma is small, the most effective method is ultrasound with a vaginal probe.
- Hysteroscopy is a manipulation whose purpose is to take small pieces of tissue from the inner layer of the uterus and the neoplasm itself. It is used when it is necessary to make the correct diagnosis for the oncological modification of the tumor.
- Laparoscopy This event is carried out exclusively in cases of emergency. In this case, with the help of a puncture in the peritoneum, a study of all organs of the small pelvis is carried out.
- MRI or CT. Also apply infrequently.
What is the treatment for cervical fibroids?
Comprehensive treatment of this disease
Fibromyoma is treated, as a rule, in two ways - conservatively or surgically. With drug treatment, measures are aimed at stopping the growth of the neoplasm. Such treatment is usually used for diagnosed subserous and interstitial fibromyomas, which are small in size, slow growth rate, as well as in cases where this disease does not fundamentally affect the woman’s reproductive abilities.
This therapy is a treatment with hormonal drugs, since the development of fibromyoma in such situations is provoked by hormonal disorders in the body. In women, estrogen levels are too high. This explains the inhibition of the growth of fibroids during menopause, when the level of estrogen in the female body decreases significantly.
Medications for the treatment of cervical fibroids
The most effective medications intended for the treatment of pathology are the following:
- "Gestagen";
- OK - combined preparations for oral contraception;
- Buserelin;
- gonadotropin antagonists, for example "Danazol";
- antiestragenic drugs - Tamoxifen, etc.
All these drugs should be prescribed only by a specialist if there are certain indications for their use, confirmed by diagnostic and laboratory studies.
The effect of such medicines is based on the creation of artificial conditions for the functioning of the ovaries, which are close to the state of the menopause. They are taken in certain dosages, depending on the degree of development of the disease. The duration of treatment for cervical erosion and fibroids is usually about 3-6 months, followed by a monthly break. Further treatment should be continued.
Another effective method of treating fibromyomas is the Mirena spiral, which contains gestagen components that are released in small doses, exerting a therapeutic effect on the female body. This spiral is introduced for a period of three years and, in addition to the described function, also plays the role of a contraceptive.
Thus, hormonal treatment is suitable for women with small fibroids.
Do cervical myomas require removal of the uterus?
Surgery
This method of therapy is intended to combat neoplasms that are too large to be treated with conservative methods. The main indication for surgical treatment is submucous myoma, which causes severe uterine bleeding and significantly disrupts the reproductive system.
Depending on how severe the disease is, the following operations of cervical fibroids can be used:
- Myomectomy, which is the husking of myomatous nodes.
- Hysteroresectoscopy is a method of surgical manipulation in which fibromyoma is removed.
- Hysterectomy is an operation in which the uterus is completely removed. This method is used only when no other treatment methods have given a positive result.
- Embolization of the uterine arteries. This method involves overlapping the gaps of large vessels, due to which heavy bleeding begins. After this surgical procedure, the woman does not lose the possibility of reproduction.
Disease prevention
How can this pathology be prevented? We will examine in more detail in this matter.
If fibromyoma occurs, a woman must adhere to some simple rules, thanks to which this disease will not develop and become complicated. These include the restriction of prolonged exposure to the sun, which can provoke rapid growth of tumor cells in the cervix after removal of the fibroids. In addition, the use of biogenic stimulants and vitamin D is not recommended, and during menstruation it is forbidden to take hot baths, which usually causes increased bleeding.
The complex of preventive measures also includes the regular sexual life of a woman, preferably with a regular partner, the absence of abortion and physical activity.