Pathologies of the urinary system are very common. Kidney lesions become the cause of their functional failure. What are the features of chronic kidney inflammation? What therapy is required?
Chronic jade
Chronic inflammation localized in the kidneys is called jade. Bilateral organ damage usually occurs. The etiological factor of the disease can be different. It is on the basis of the occurrence that the classification of jade is built. All these types of inflammation differ not only in nature, but also in the clinical picture.
Etiology
One of the etiological options is pyelonephritis, which is more common in the female half of the population. Inflammation affects the calyx and pelvis, and the cause of this lesion is infection. It enters the kidney either with blood (hematogenously) or through the urethra. The inflammatory process is accompanied by a violation of urination, and blood can be detected in the urine. The pains are localized in the lumbar region, they become intense during the period of exacerbation.
Another option is glomerulonephritis, which affects the glomeruli and partially the tubules. Immune disorders can provoke the inflammatory process. Also predisposing factors are oncological formations and abscesses. The chronic process is characterized by relapse. During this period, nausea, xerostomia, weakness and impaired stool occur.
Radiation nephritis occurs after exposure to an organism of ionizing radiation. There is a rapid inflammation of the tubules, accompanied by early dystrophy, and after - atrophy. This causes renal failure. In the chronic period, weakness and increased blood pressure are disturbing.
Tubulo-interstitial nephritis is another type of pathology. Inflammation covers the tubules, as well as interstitial, or intermediate, tissue. The cause may be the effect of toxic drugs, some drugs. The viral nature of the disease is possible. Organs are characterized by hypertrophy - increase in size, their function is impaired.
Hereditary jade is also isolated. It includes Alport syndrome, which is accompanied by impaired hearing and vision. In men, the pathology is more difficult.
What symptoms are common for all types of jade?
The chronic form is characterized by a constant edematous syndrome, which is a sign of metabolic disorders. In a laboratory study, albuminuria and cholesterolemia are noted. In addition, arterial hypertension syndrome is characteristic, that is, a periodic increase in pressure.
The later stages are characterized by such a deterioration in renal function that intoxication syndrome is observed. As a result, toxins and toxins (nitrogenous compounds) appear in the blood. Symptoms of this syndrome are fatigue, general malaise, headaches, and high blood pressure. With an increase in uremia, that is, the accumulation of uric acid, it may be excreted with sweat. The skin becomes dry. In more severe cases, death is possible.
Exacerbation: Symptoms
During a relapse of the chronic form, the main complaint is severe pain localized in the lumbar region and pelvis. Urination becomes painful, burning sensation occurs. A laboratory test allows you to detect blood in the urine, purulent discharge. Oliguria is observed - a decrease in diuresis. Edema persists. Supplements include headaches, nausea (often vomiting), fatigue, xerostomia, diarrhea, fever and hypertension. Chronic nephritis can turn into an exacerbation during overheating, hypothermia, an infectious process.
Pathogenesis
Chronic nephritis, as a rule, is the outcome of the acute variant. Inflammations subside and are supplemented by hyperplastic processes. During nephritis, the activity of fibroblasts is activated, the main function of which is the formation of components of the connective tissue. When stimulating their activity, sclerosis occurs. The structural elements of the kidney are irreversibly replaced by connective tissue. Since it does not perform specific functions for the renal parenchyma, the activity of the urinary system is impaired - renal failure develops.
Diagnostics
Glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, tubulointerstitial nephritis and other types must be differentiated from each other, as well as from other pathologies. The diagnosis is based on a questioning, examination and the results of additional methods. First of all, the patient is questioned, figuring out the likely etiology - infections, toxic effects, medication and so on. Among the standard methods are urine and blood tests that will help detect pathology. Urinary tests are recommended, for example, according to Zimnitsky and Nechiporenko. They will help to track not only the composition of urine, but also the state of daily urine output. An effective diagnostic method is a biopsy, that is, tissue sampling for histological examination. She will help to trace processes of sclerosis. Ultrasound, x-ray and tomography are also practiced.
Additional methods allow you to confirm the diagnosis. Jade can be suspected on the basis of complaints (edema and arterial hypertension).
Therapy
Treatment for kidney nephritis depends on the etiology of the disease. For example, bacterial pathologies require the use of antibiotics (Cefuroxime, Ciprofloxacin). A viral cause (e.g. tubulointerstitial nephritis) requires appropriate antiviral therapy. That is why it is important to differentiate various etiological variants of the disease.
In addition to etiotropic therapy , symptomatic treatment is required . Cytostatics are prescribed (Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide), which help protect functional cells. During relapse, anti-inflammatory drugs are needed that reduce pain, plethora, and swelling in the area of the pathological process. An increase in blood pressure requires the use of antihypertensive drugs (Lisinopril, Captopril).
Diet
During the period of illness, nutrition should be monitored. Chronic nephritis affects the kidneys, therefore, excretory function is impaired. That is why excessive salt intake should be discarded. Canned food, spices and drinking a lot of alcohol are contraindicated.
Prevention
Chronic renal nephritis is usually the outcome of acute. Therefore, preventive measures consist in the early diagnosis and subsequent treatment of acute kidney inflammation. You can suspect the disease at an early stage if regular medical examinations are carried out - deviations in the general analysis of urine are an indication that the patient should be sent for a consultation with a nephrologist.
Jade is a kidney disease that leads to impaired function. The chronic form is irreversible and leads to the formation of renal failure. Pathology requires lifestyle correction and the use of a number of drugs. Timely treatment of the acute form will help prevent its formation. Timely diagnosis will help with this.