Vascular problems are familiar to many elderly and even middle-aged people. As medical statistics show, the frequency of diagnosing similar diseases in the young part of the population of our country is currently growing. Where do blood clots form in vessels? How does this problem appear? How to warn her?
Knowing in which vessels blood clots form, than it is dangerous for health, a person takes a more responsible attitude to himself. By correcting the lifestyle, taking the right medication and regularly undergoing a medical examination, you can avoid many troubles, including the formation of blood clots in the vessels. Several methods of preventing this disease are known.
What is it about?
In modern medicine, it is customary to call blood clots such blood clots that form in the circulatory system or directly in the heart cavity. In some cases, there is only one clearly localized clot that grows and eventually blocks the normal flow of blood to the organ. Knowing how to prevent the formation of blood clots in blood vessels, you can prevent problems with blood supply, which lead to serious consequences, including tissue necrosis, since there is no oxygen supply in normal volume. The most difficult situation develops if the blood clot grows to a size that completely covers the blood vessel.
In some cases, the neoplasm can break away from the vessel wall - this is how its long “journey” through the human body begins. What it will lead to is impossible to predict in advance. It is known that such a blood clot can block any vessel in the human body - from relatively insignificant to one of the most important for the life of the body. There is a chance of death.
Where does trouble come from?
Modern medicine has long been studying various methods regarding how to avoid blood clots in blood vessels. Of course, the best result is the prevention of the disease, rather than the fight against it. Effective prevention of blood clots in blood vessels prevents the formation of dangerous clots in the circulatory system. Since doctors know the reasons for blood clots in most cases, the exclusion of these factors from everyday life allows a person to reduce the risk of such clots. The most important thing is to carefully follow the advice of doctors, do not neglect prevention and lead a healthy lifestyle.
It is known that, due to some factors, damage can form on the walls of blood vessels, and then special compounds are produced in these places, due to which blood coagulation slows down. At the same time, the process is accompanied by an active breakdown of platelets with a modification of the compounds, and procoagulants appear in the blood, affecting the level of coagulation. Under their influence on blood proteins, fibrin is formed - that is, the base of the thrombus, which is a fibrous mesh. The network accumulates leukocytes, red blood cells, platelets, and compacts over time. That is, in most cases, the primary cause of blood clots in human vessels is damage to the elements of the human vascular system. It is caused by various factors.
Blood clots: what are they?
Modern medicine knows several varieties of blood clots. Each of them has its own unique causes of formation, the most common of which are lesions of small vessels. Such blood clots are called hyaline by doctors, they are usually formed in the human brain, intestines, stomach, respiratory and genitourinary system. For some organs, for some pathologies, conditions are characteristic when the amount of plasma exceeds the percentage of whole blood.
Red neoplasms are also distinguished, provoked by an excessively high level of blood coagulability. Patients with such a pathology are characterized by a low blood flow rate, leading to the formation of blood clots. In which vessels are these neoplasms more often formed? Veins usually suffer.
In some cases, the so-called layered blood clots are diagnosed. They are more often characteristic of veins, cardiac cavities, aorta. But if the blood flow velocity is faster than normal, then capillaries, arteries can be affected by white blood clots. These neoplasms are characterized by a slow growth rate, development.
And if in size?
Another common system for the classification of blood clots involves taking into account the size of tumors. Clogging is called those that have grown on the walls of the vessel and have grown so much that the blood flow is difficult. Typically, these blood clots infect veins, arteries, and the cavity of an aortic aneurysm. When research shows that the vessel is blocked half its diameter or more.
If the vessel is blocked by half the diameter and less, then such a blood clot is called parietal. In the pictures, he appears "blurry." Often, such neoplasms appear on the heart valves, in other parts of the heart, as well as in veins and arteries.
If the thrombus is characterized by a high growth rate, and the neoplasm itself is located in the blood stream, then this is a progressive variety. Typically, this is detected in the collecting vessels of the circulatory system of the veins, as well as on the walls of the veins. Dilated blood clots are neoplasms that affect the area of the aneurysm. In some cases, such blood clots grow to very large sizes. With separation, there is a chance of a complete blockage of the blood vessel, which blocks the flow of blood to the heart. In such a situation, the risk of death is high. Finally, there are spherical thrombi, which are usually localized in the atrium on the left. These neoplasms are also characterized by a rather high probability of separation.
Blood clots: Virchow's triad
Why are blood clots formed in human vessels? Doctors have been dealing with this issue for a long time, and yet a complete and clear answer that allows explaining 100% of cases has not yet been found. A clear picture gives an analysis of the condition of most patients, taking into account the Virchow triad. From what blood clots form in the vessels, the doctor concludes according to the results of a study of the patient's body. It is categorically impossible to independently draw conclusions and prescribe a treatment program for yourself.
The Virchow Triad involves simultaneously a slowdown in blood flow, an increase in the level of coagulation and the presence of damage to the walls of blood vessels. All three of these aspects are what cause blood clots in a person in blood vessels. However, a disease can develop if there is only one of these three signs, and some people, even with all three risk factors, remain healthy. In each individual case, the doctor concludes according to the results of the study, why blood clots form in a person in blood vessels.
Blood: fast and high quality
When analyzing how a blood clot forms in the vessels, special attention is always paid to the speed of blood flow. Slowdown is usually observed in those who move a little. In addition, low blood flow often accompanies excess weight and long-term bed rest. In some cases, the problem is provoked by the lack of functioning of the heart muscle. In the limbs, blood clots usually appear under the influence of pregnancy and varicose veins.
Blood coagulation may be abnormal for various reasons. Very rarely, but still known cases of transmission of this problem by inheritance. In most patients, an increased level of coagulability is associated with pathologies. Typically, fever, alcohol abuse, and prolonged dehydration become risk factors. All lovers of dietary nutrition should know how a blood clot forms in blood vessels: a strict restriction in food also increases the risk of developing a pathology of the vascular system, as it leads to drying, dehydration. In some cases, coagulation changes under the influence of diuretics, drugs to increase potency, hormonal, oral contraceptives. An increase in coagulability in some cases is observed with a change in the hormonal background provoked by prolonged stresses.
Injuries and lifestyle
Those who survived injuries to internal organs, including surgery, are usually well aware of how a blood clot forms in the vessels. Usually, during the rehabilitation period, the doctor conducts an instructive conversation with the patient, drawing his attention to the likelihood of blood clots due to experienced situations. The specialist also reports on what signs it is possible to suspect the presence of neoplasms and seek medical help. Injuries, operations often provoke the formation of blood clots in the legs.
However, not only damage by external factors can lead to problems in the vascular system. In particular, they know well how a blood clot forms in blood vessels, all those who are faced with the consequences of an improper lifestyle, because smoking, alcohol abuse significantly increase the risk of such a pathology. Unhealthy nutrition also plays a significant role, since atherosclerosis is often provoked by an excess of certain types of cholesterol in the blood that come from food. Oncological processes, toxicosis, inflammation in various internal organs and systems also have a negative effect.
Clinical picture
Symptoms pretty much depend on the characteristics of a particular disease, namely, in which vessel a blood clot formed. If these are the lower extremities, then the person suffers from pain in the calves, sometimes cramps his legs. Tissues swell near the thrombus, over time, this symptom becomes sufficiently pronounced to attract the attention of a person. The formation of bruises, bruising, the skin turns red, the temperature in the affected area rises. If a vein is affected, in this place the leg begins to hurt and becomes bluish. The skin usually flakes. With separation, such a blood clot behaves unpredictably, it can clog an important vessel, which in some cases provokes the death of the patient.
If a blood clot forms in the circulatory system of the brain, such a disease manifests itself as a difficulty in maintaining balance and paralysis of the limbs. Many patients are dizzy, speech disorders are observed. Such obstruction of the circulatory system can trigger a stroke.
What else is possible?
If there is a blood clot in the heart, there is a possibility of both a mobile neoplasm and a static clot. The first option often affects the atrium on the left. Statistics show that those at risk are those who are diagnosed with mitral valve malformations. The disease manifests itself as dizziness, fainting, pallor of the skin. When the vessel is completely blocked, cyanosis is noticeable. Patients suffer from shortness of breath, complain of suffocation and low blood pressure, heart palpitations. In severe form, the pulse is practically not felt. Clogging of the vessel completely leads to the death of the patient.
If a blood clot forms in the vessels of the hands, then the limbs become numb, swell, the local temperature rises, the skin color changes (both blue and crimson). Usually the affected area can be quite clearly defined by palpation, pain is felt near the vessel.
A blood clot is very dangerous!
With blockage of the vessels of the lungs, the characteristic manifestations are cough, pain, and blood spitting. Patients often complain of dizziness, pressure decreases, veins swell around the neck. Thrombosis is characterized by fainting, unconscious conditions, pale skin and hyperthermia. The upper half of the body often turns blue, the rhythm of the heartbeat is disrupted, and tachycardia develops.
Treat - Do Not Cripple
Primary therapy for thrombosis involves taking measures to prevent the situation from worsening. If possible, it is necessary to inhibit the growth of the thrombus, so that the clots do not expand, and new ones do not form. The sooner therapy is started, the lower the likelihood of a blood clot rupture, which can provoke a blockage of a vital vessel. In most cases, patients are advised to bed rest, and the affected area of the body is carefully bandaged or used compression linen. This helps prevent further growth.
Stabilization is supported by medications. Quite often resort to anti-inflammatory drugs (for example, "Ortofen"). You can use special medicines designed to strengthen the venous walls. Their use allows you to get rid of puffiness, reduce the permeability of the walls of blood vessels and eliminate pain. Currently, Detralex is most often prescribed from this group. Also, anticoagulants, angioprotectors, antiplatelet agents and enzymes that can eliminate edema, inflammatory processes, as well as thin the blood so that the thrombus resolves on its own will provide assistance in treating a blood clot. The optimal combination of medications should be chosen by the doctor, focusing on the particular case and the specificity of the patient's body.
What else to treat?
As shown by many years of practice, the use of local agents for the treatment of thrombosis gives a good result. These are gels, ointments that effectively eliminate inflammation and relieve pain. In addition, heparin-based drugs are popular.
A good option is physiotherapy. In recent years, laser treatment has been widely used. It requires the use of a special apparatus that provides contact across some fields, labile or distant scanning. In some cases, the effectiveness is shown by the use of magnets: under the influence of a special installation, the cells undergo changes, activity normalizes, and the thrombus dissolves. Diadynamic therapy is another well-known method of combating blood clots, which involves the influence of diadynamic currents on the affected area of the body . With the correct and regular application of this technique, pain can be eliminated, trophism, blood flow normalized, and tissue hypoxia reduced. There is also swelling. You can even resort to the use of special therapeutic leeches - with their bites, useful components penetrate the blood, preventing the appearance of blood clots and activating the processes of resorption of existing ones. Also, the level of coagulability comes back to normal, blood flow becomes better, vascular spasms are eliminated.
Traditional medicine against blood clots
There are several ways to support the body during the treatment of thrombosis. It is better to choose a specific option under the guidance of the attending physician, in no case can you replace the prescribed drugs of classical medicine with folk components - this can give too weak a result and provoke complications up to death.
Quite often they use tincture of white stock: take a spoonful of inflorescences, add 100 ml of alcohol, place in a container, close tightly and leave in a dark room for 10 days. As ready, the tool is used for compresses, rubbing. But in food, you can use tincture of nettle. It is prepared from fresh leaves, 20 g of which are insisted in a thermos for 40 minutes. Infusion is drunk daily every time before eating.