The drug "Isoniazid" is available in the form of powder, tablets, suppositories (rectal). The active component is isonicotinic acid hydrazide.
The medicine "Isoniazid" is prescribed as an anti-tuberculosis drug for any form of the disease. The drug, along with Streptomycin, Cycloserinum and others, is used as the main medicine. The medication "Isoniazid" instruction allows the use of both children and adults. The therapeutic efficacy of the drug is more pronounced in the acute and initial stages of tuberculosis.
The medication is indicated for infiltrative forms of bronchoadenitis. The medicine "Isoniazid" is prescribed for miliary and subacute hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis, exacerbation of the fibro-cavernous form of chronic course, tuberculous intoxication and lupus, tuberculosis of the larynx, mucous membranes of the intestine, serous membranes.
There is no pronounced therapeutic efficacy in patients with old cirrhotic pathologies.
For the treatment of a mixed type of infection, the preparation Isoniazid, the instruction recommends that it be prescribed in conjunction with the corresponding sulfonamides and antibiotics.
The medicine is taken three times a day, 0.2 grams after a meal. In the case of good tolerance, a dose increase of up to 0.9 grams per day is allowed (three times 0.3 grams per day). With a body weight of less than 50 kg, not more than 0.15 grams three times a day is recommended.
Maximum per day is allowed to take 0.9 grams, at one time - 0.6 grams. Intramuscular injections and suppositories are used in the same doses, drip intravenously at 0.01 - 0.015 g / kg in the form of a solution of 0.2%.
The medication is contraindicated in patients prone to convulsive conditions, vascular diseases, mental illnesses, as well as having syphilitic damage to the nervous system.
Caution is advised when prescribing Isoniazid when the patient has impaired liver, kidney, peripheral nervous system, or optic nerve.
Possible adverse reactions when using the medication should include polyneuritis, paresthesia, memory loss, insomnia, euphoria, irritability, headache. In addition, in some cases, muscle twitching, dizziness, and cramps occur. The negative effects when using the Isoniazid medication also include ataxia, fever, stupor, dry mouth, rash, hepatitis, and urinary retention (in men). Rarely, anemia, pellagra, jaundice, eosinophilia.
In a pharmacy, as a rule, a prescription is required for the purchase of the drug Isoniazid.
Recommended actions for the development of complications and the occurrence of poisoning
To eliminate the consequences of taking the medication "Isoniazid" (including in high doses), the drug "Pyridoxine Hydrochloride" is prescribed. The introduction is carried out intravenously. The dosage of Pyridoxine Hydrochloride is set at the rate of one gram per gram of Isoniazid. In the case when the accepted amount of the latter is unknown, five grams of Pyridoxine Hydrochloride and fifty grams of isotonic sodium chloride are mixed. Such a solution is administered intravenously for five minutes, and then again after twenty to thirty minutes, until consciousness returns and the convulsive state is resolved.
In case of poisoning or overdose, gastric lavage is prescribed by a suspension of activated carbon or provoking artificial vomiting. Saline laxative is indicated. Applied artificial respiration. Prescribe prednisolone medication, transfusion drugs, intravenous sodium bicarbonate solution (3-5%) of fifty to one hundred milliliters. To eliminate seizures, Sibazon (probably a manifestation of hypersensitivity) or short-acting barbiturates are injected slowly. The preparations Cyanocobalamin, Methionine, Thiamine are indicated.
The drug "Isoniazid" analogues has the following: "Tubazid", "Rimitsid", "Zonazid", "Cotinazine", "Ditubin" and others.