Migraine is a neurological disease that is characterized by severe headache. You can avoid this unpleasant attack using different drugs.
Migraine, in addition to headache, is accompanied by nausea, which intensifies to vomiting, as well as intolerance to loud sounds and lighting. As a rule, pain is localized in one half of the head, but can be in two.
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There are two types of disease: with and without aura. Aura is the first sign of a headache, it is the same in one person. Any neurological manifestations are considered a harbinger of migraine:
- lightning before the eyes;
- goosebumps;
- numbness.
With an aura, always after a time after it there is a pain in the head, so such people know exactly when they will have an unpleasant symptom. If the patient managed to take a pill for headache and migraine immediately after the development of the aura, then he can avoid the development of the disease.
The frequency of a migraine attack is different. For some people, it occurs only a few times a year, while others worry almost every day. In any situation, there is a need to eliminate pain. For this, drugs are used.
All existing medicines for the elimination of migraine are conditionally divided into two groups:
- taken to treat an attack;
- used for prevention.
The first group requires all patients with migraine. Prophylactic agents are indicated only for those people in whom an unpleasant symptom occurs more than three times a month and is severe.
In the treatment of migraine there are certain features:
- Medicines that effectively eliminate headaches in some people are useless for others.
- The drug, which previously effectively eliminated unpleasant symptoms, after a while may lose its effectiveness.
- If the patient has several types of migraine, then medications to eliminate the headache may need different ones.
Rapid Migraine Medicines
These are medicines that are used to eliminate headache attacks. That is, those drugs that are used already in fact of the appeared pain syndrome or during the aura. Effective and fast is a medication that eliminates headache in a maximum of two hours.
Classification of medicines for migraines of rapid effect:
- painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs;
- ergot drugs;
- triptans.
Analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs
This is a group of medications that begin migraine therapy. They are considered symptomatic drugs and help eliminate the ailment. The following tablets are most effective:
- Solpadein.
- Nurofen
- Pentalgin.
- Ibuprofen
- Exedrine.
- "Rapten Rapid."
- Sedalgin-Neo.
- "Askofen-P".
- Naproxen.
- Diclofenac.
Nurofen is made in the form of a gel and tablets. The composition of the drug includes ibuprofen, silicon dioxide, octadecanoic acid, croscarmellose sodium. The drug belongs to the group of anti-inflammatory drugs and has an analgesic and antipyretic effect on the body.
According to reviews, "Nurofen" from headaches and migraines effectively helps. It is forbidden to use the medication for ulcerative lesions of the stomach and intestines, intolerance to the active substance, severe heart damage, kidney and liver diseases, pregnancy, breastfeeding, bronchial asthma, hemorrhagic stroke. The cost of the drug is from 90 to 400 rubles.
"Askofen-P" combines paracetamol, aspirin and caffeine. It is produced in granules for the manufacture of a solution, as well as capsules and tablets. The maximum dosage is one or two pieces per use. The cost of the medicine is from 30 to 100 rubles.
Paracetamol and aspirin reinforce each other, in addition, they have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and caffeine helps stabilize the tone of the vessels of the brain. "Askofen-P" for migraine is forbidden to use for gastric ulcer in the acute stage, as well as bronchial asthma, an interesting position and breastfeeding, with kidney and liver diseases, a significant increase in blood pressure.
"Sedalgin" has in its structure codeine, caffeine, analgin, paracetamol, phenobarbital. The drug has an analgesic effect. Use "Sedalgin" one tablet for migraine. As a maximum, one can take two. The price of a medicine ranges from 180 to 260 rubles.
"Rapten Rapid" is available in the form of a gel, solution and tablets. It contains the active ingredient - diclofenac. This is an anti-inflammatory drug that has an analgesic and antipyretic effect. Contraindications for use are the following conditions - hypersensitivity, ulcerative colitis, bleeding, pregnancy, up to 15 years of age, breastfeeding. With special care, a drug is prescribed for anemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. The cost of the drug is from 50 to 300 rubles.
Pentalgin contains paracetamol, caffeine, pheniramine maleate. That is, components that have analgesic as well as anti-inflammatory effects stabilize vascular tone and have a mild sedative effect. Pentalgin is produced in tablet form, it is necessary to take one piece orally in case of a headache attack. The cost of the medication is from 160 to 350 rubles.
The drug is not recommended for use with stomach and intestinal ulcers, bleeding, an interesting position and lactation, severe hypertension, bronchial asthma, heart problems, severe liver and kidney diseases. What effervescent pills for headaches and migraines exist?
Solpadein contains codeine in its structure, as well as caffeine and paracetamol. It is produced in the form of conventional and water-soluble tablets. Codeine is considered a strong analgesic and enhances the action of paracetamol.
At what price is Solpadein? The cost of the drug varies from 100 to 250 rubles.
To eliminate a headache, you need to take one or two tablets at a time. "Solpadein" is contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation, a disease with increased intraocular pressure, anemia, hypertension.
"Naproxen" contains only one active component (naproxen sodium), however, it has an excellent analgesic effect. For migraines, it is necessary to take two tablets orally once. The bans are the same as those of Ibuprofen. The cost of the drug is 200 rubles.
"Diclofenac" for migraine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that provides a quick onset of a positive effect. The maximum daily concentration is not more than 200 milligrams. It can not be used for hemophilia and other disorders of the blood coagulation system, as well as an interesting position, lactation, erosion in the intestine. The cost of the drug varies from 30 to 230 rubles.
"Exedrine" is a combined medication that has analgesic, antipyretic, as well as anti-inflammatory and improves cerebral microcirculation. The composition of the tablet includes the following components: paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, caffeine, hyprolose, cellulose, stearic acid.
Tablets for headaches and migraines "Excedrine" contain paracetamol, which has an analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effect as a result of its effect on the centers of pain and thermoregulation.
Aspirin quickly weakens pain, and also slows down the formation of blood clots, moderately inhibiting platelet adhesion. Caffeine helps expand the capillaries of skeletal muscle tissue, as well as the brain, kidneys, and heart. The cost of the drug is from 180 to 400 rubles.
What do Ibuprofen tablets help from? The drug is effective for migraines. Do not use for stomach ulcers, as well as bleeding, in the early postoperative period, liver and kidney disease, during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The cost of the drug is from 20 to 150 rubles.
All these medicines belong to the so-called ambulance for migraine attacks. Despite the uniformity of painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, it often happens when one medication is more effective than another.
It must be remembered that excessive use of such drugs can lead to the development of another type of headache - abusus, which are difficult to treat. The maximum duration of analgesic therapy is fourteen days.
The use of a different group of drugs is recommended for those patients who are not suitable for painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, or who have restrictions on their use. What else can you drink from migraines?
Ergot drugs
This group of pharmacological agents, which provides a tonic effect on the capillaries of the brain, and also has an antiserotonin effect, which is associated with the analgesic effect in migraines. These medications are effective only for migraine headaches and are absolutely useless for other types.
Medicines that have only ergot alkaloids include Ergotamine and Dihydroergotamine. They can be administered orally in the form of drops, subcutaneously, as well as intramuscularly or intravenously.
There are combined types of these drugs in combination with caffeine in tablets - "Cofetamine", "Kafergot", "Nomigren". In the form of nasal sprays "Dihydergot". The medicine in the form of a spray is very convenient and effective, as it promotes the fastest absorption of the active substance from the nasal mucosa. The maximum dosage for a migraine attack is four irrigations. When using these medications, you should stop smoking so as not to provoke peripheral vascular stenosis and impaired blood microcirculation.
Ergot medicines are not used for the treatment of patients with heart ischemia and angina attacks, hypertension, liver diseases, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
In rare situations, tableted types of ergot drugs are used not only to eliminate headache attacks, but also for the preventive purposes of their appearance. In this case, they are used for several weeks.
Cofetamine
An anti-migraine drug whose action is due to the properties of its constituent components. Caffeine has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system. With the help of which physical and mental performance increases, the feeling of fatigue decreases. In addition, caffeine increases heart rate, increasing blood pressure during hypotension. The active substance has a vasoconstrictor effect.
Restrictions on the use - age up to twelve years, pregnancy, lactation, increased sensitivity.
Migraine Triptans
These medicines have been around for more than a hundred years, although most often only the last few decades have been used. Exposure mechanism:
- The ability to connect with the nerve endings of the vascular wall, provoking stenosis of the cerebral vessels.
- The ability to block pain at the level of trigeminal receptors, which provides the innervation of the head and face.
- The ability to influence other signs of migraine, in addition to headache.
Such an action of triptans also determines their active use in migraines.
Triptans are produced in different dosage forms:
- pills
- candles;
- nasal sprays.
Trigmiren suppositories and Imigran sprays are best used for severe nausea and vomiting.
List of pills for headache and migraine:
- Sumatriptan
- "Naratriptan."
- "Noramig".
- Rapimed.
- "Sumamigrain".
- Zomig.
- Zolmitriptan.
- Imigran
- Relpaks.
- Amigrenin.
- Eletriptan.
And although they all have a similar spectrum of action, only one can be effective in each specific situation.
Triptans, in addition to neutralizing migraine attacks, can also be used for prophylactic purposes to prevent them. In this situation, tablets are prescribed with a duration of therapy of several weeks.
Restrictions on the use of triptans are the age of eighteen and from sixty-five years, severe damage to the heart and blood vessels, high blood pressure.
Pills "Imigran"
An anti-migraine drug, an agonist of serotonin 5-HT1 receptors. The active substance is sumatriptan. Elimination of pain syndrome of acute migraine attacks with or without aura.
In the absence of a clinical effect, it is not recommended to use a repeated dosage to neutralize pain. The drug can be used only with an accurate diagnosis. It is forbidden to use the medicine for preventive purposes.
The effect of Imigran tablets at any stage of the attack is similar, but it is best to take it when the first signs of migraine appear. The recommended concentration of the active component to eliminate an acute migraine attack is 50-100 milligrams once.
Zomig
A medication that has an anti-migraine effect. The drug narrows the blood capillaries of the dura mater and slows the release of vasoactive intestinal peptides, improving the patient's condition during a migraine.
In addition, Zomig tablets act on brain cells that are involved in the development of seizures. After repeated use of the drug, a resistant anti-migraine effect is observed.
"Zomig" is recommended to neutralize migraine attacks with or without aura. According to the annotation, to eliminate migraine, the drug must be taken in a single dosage of 2.5 milligrams. If symptoms persist or reappear during the day, you can use a repeated dose, but not earlier than two hours after the first. Side effects:
- palpitations
- tachycardia;
- transient arterial hypertension;
- dry mouth, nausea;
- abdominal pain;
- ischemic colitis;
- feeling of warmth;
- dizziness.
The medicine has a strong analgesic effect in migraines with and without aura.
Where to start migraine therapy
There are general rules for treating migraines, for example:
- It is necessary to start therapy with the use of anesthetic or their combination (including with anti-inflammatory drugs).
- If taking an analgesic does not have the desired effect, you need to take a triptan.
- If the triptan was useless, then in the next attack you should use a "different triptan", that is, a medicine of a different brand or with another active component.
- If during three migraine attacks the pain medication was not effective, then for all of the following, tryptan should be consumed immediately.
- If the patient cannot determine whether he has a headache or migraine, then it is worth taking an anti-inflammatory medication.
Prophylactic drugs
These drugs are used only for frequent and severe migraine attacks. The decision on the use of such medicines should be made only by a specialist.
For preventive purposes, the following can be prescribed:
- Beta-blockers - Anaprilin, Obzidan.
- Antidepressants - "Simbalta", "Velafax", "Ixelus".
- Anticonvulsants - Valproate and Topiramat, Gabagamma.
- Calcium channel blockers - Nifedipine.
The general principle of using all of these medicines is considered sufficient duration. In rare situations, a decrease in migraine attacks occurs after a month of taking the medicine, in others it may take up to six months. That is why the selection should be carried out by the attending doctor, taking into account diseases, as well as taking into account other means regularly taken by the patient.
Modern drugs
There is currently a transdermal patch that contains sumatriptan. This form of release is considered very convenient than a nasal spray. In addition, he also has the ability to maintain a therapeutic concentration of the drug in the blood for a long time, bypassing the stomach and intestines. Accordingly, the use of triptan in the form of a patch helps to reduce the frequency of negative reactions and improve tolerance to the drug. This is a great replacement for the usual pills.
In addition to the patches, a sumatriptan needleless injection has also been created, which helps to inject 6 milligrams of sumatriptan under the skin, but without an injection. The medicine penetrates the skin using a special device that injects nitrogen gas and medication through a small hole in the epidermis in seconds. This dosage form is needed for those patients who are not helped by triptans.
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In addition, many patients know why Ibuprofen tablets help. The drug effectively copes with many types of pain. The disadvantages, as a rule, mention the presence of restrictions and the risk of adverse reactions.