Mesadenitis (what it is, will be described later) can be caused by a wide variety of infectious pathogens. The exact factors provoking the pathology have not been established. Next, we will understand how mesadenitis manifests itself, what it is, what therapeutic measures are performed.
General information
So, mesadenitis. What it is? How is the disease manifested? Pathology is an inflammation of the gland or lymph node of the mesentery of the intestine. The latter is a serious barrier to a particular infection from internal organs or intestines. In total, there are about 600 in the abdominal cavity of the lymph nodes. As a rule, pathogens penetrate directly from the intestinal lumen (by the enterogenous route) or with lymph and blood flow from various infectious foci (the hematogenous pathway). The latter can, for example, be located in the appendix and intestine, lungs, and upper respiratory tract. Speaking about how mesadenitis manifests itself (what it is, said above), two most common signs should be noted. Pathology is accompanied by pain in the abdomen and intoxication syndrome.
Mesadenitis: causes
As mentioned above, the exact development factors have not yet been established. Nevertheless, experts call the most common causes of the disease. Among them:
- Adenovirus and enterovirus. They provoke the occurrence of acute respiratory infections.
- Yersinia. These are the causative agents of pseudotuberculosis and intestinal yersiniosis. They are one of the common causes of mesadenitis in several areas of the world.
- Epstein-Barr virus. It provokes infectious mononucleosis.
- Cytomegalovirus.
- Streptococci (green and beta hemolytic), staphylococci and others.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Campylobacter and other pathogens of intestinal infections (salmonella, coli and others).
As practice shows, in most cases the pathology goes away on its own, without any therapeutic intervention. However, in some cases, treatment is still necessary. In particular, therapy is prescribed for severe inflammatory process in the lymph nodes with their likely suppuration and subsequent spread of infection. As a rule, pathology is detected most often in childhood and adolescence. Girls are less prone to disease than boys.
Clinical picture
Quite often, the symptoms are similar to signs of appendicitis. Pathology begins with the occurrence of paroxysmal (in the rarer cases of constant) pain in the abdomen in the projection of the lymph nodes of the mesentery. At the same time, it is noteworthy that, despite rather sharp manifestations, the general condition of the patient is generally satisfactory. Acute mesadenitis can be accompanied by nausea or vomiting, fever, and stool disorders (diarrhea or constipation). The duration of the development of pain against the background of pathology is usually from several hours to 2-3 days (less than three). In some cases, along with the above symptoms, the patient shows signs of damage to the upper respiratory tract in the form of a runny nose, cough, sore throat.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
The clinical manifestations in this case have some differences from those described above. With mesadenitis provoked by mycobacterium tuberculosis, short pains are observed without obvious localization. In this case, subfebrile temperature, weight loss, general weakness are noted. Lymph nodes become denser and felt over time during palpation of the abdomen. In general, the clinical picture will largely depend on the existing lesions of other organs. There is a likelihood of complications of the pathology. These can be various chronic intestinal diseases (obstruction, for example), adhesive syndrome, sepsis, peritonitis, necrosis and suppuration with the development of abscesses.
Diagnostic measures
Studies are prescribed taking into account the existing clinical picture of the pathology. In difficult cases (if there are chronic diseases of the abdominal cavity or intestine), an accurate diagnosis may require ultrasound and diagnostic laparoscopy. In some cases, a specialist may prescribe computed tomography. The above methods allow not only to establish the absence or presence of mesadenitis, but also to determine or exclude its likely complications. During the examination, the patient is also prescribed laboratory blood tests. The analysis suggests the cause of the disease and carry out differential diagnosis. Anamnestic information about previously transferred tuberculosis, as well as positive test results, can speak in favor of the tuberculous form of pathology. Very often, acute mesadenitis, doctors have to differentiate with many pathologies of organs in the peritoneum and retroperitoneal space. These include, in particular, appendicitis, cholecystitis, ectopic (ectopic) pregnancy, salpingitis. Differential diagnosis should be carried out with such pathologies as vasculitis, lymphomas, pyelonephritis and Crohn's disease, mesenteric (chronic) ischemia and others.
Prevention and Therapy
Treatment of mesadenitis (non-specific) is carried out using conservative methods. Usually, therapy is carried out in a surgical hospital. The main element of treatment is antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action. These include, in particular, fluoroquinolones of the second and third generation cephalosporins. Their activity is aimed at suppressing the activity of pathogens. Antispasmodics are used to eliminate pain. This, in particular, means such as Drotaverin, Papaverine. Analgesics are also prescribed (Ketorolac and others). In especially severe cases, perirenal blockade is used. For detoxification of the body, non-specific pathogenetic therapy is performed, which involves the introduction of various infusion solutions. Physiotherapeutic procedures are also quite effective.
Special information
In case of suspected mesadenitis, it is highly not recommended to take medications without first consulting a specialist. Some drugs, analgesics and antispasmodics in particular, can significantly distort the clinical picture, thereby complicating the diagnosis. Special attention deserves a diet for mesadenitis. Table 5 is recommended for patients. Legumes, salad, fruits (non-acidic), and loose cereals are allowed. You can add low-fat beef, chicken, vegetable soups, low-fat cottage cheese, tea (not strong), compote, wheat bread to the diet. Recommended fractional frequent meals. It is forbidden to eat black coffee, pepper, mustard, oily fish, spinach, sorrel, lard, fresh pastry, convenience foods, fried meat.
Finally
In general, pathology is well treatable. Complications are noted in practice quite rarely. They are characteristic mainly for tuberculosis infection. Timely contacting a specialist allows in almost all cases to quickly get rid of the disease.