Renal failure is not a single disease. This is a kind of syndrome that develops in severe cases. The kidneys are an important organ involved not only in the purification of blood and the excretion of decay products, as well as excess water.
Impaired functioning of this organ leads to rapid intoxication of the body. Many conditions can provoke serious disturbances in the functioning of this paired organ. It is worth noting that the treatment of renal failure does not always give the desired result. With certain damage to this organ, the patient sometimes has to undergo a hemodialysis procedure. This is vital when the kidneys lose their ability to function normally. The only way to restore the patient's normal state of health is an organ transplant.
What is a disease?
Before treating renal failure, you must definitely know what kind of disease it is, how it is characterized, and what types of pathological process occur. This disease is a disorder, accompanied by malfunctions in all ongoing renal processes and a change in excretory processes.
This condition is characterized by the loss of the ability to excrete urine. As a result of this, problems arise in the functioning of body systems. Gradually, toxic substances begin to accumulate in the blood.
Treatment of acute renal failure must necessarily be comprehensive so that the disease does not go into a chronic form and irreversible consequences occur.
Types of pathological condition
Treatment of renal failure is selected strictly individually for each person, and it all depends on the form of the underlying disease. An acute and chronic form of the disease is distinguished. Each of them has specific causes, symptoms, as well as an approach to therapy. Treatment of acute renal failure should be carried out emergency, as there is a sharp disruption in the functioning of this organ.
Often, this form is reversible, and there are three varieties, in particular, such as:
- hemodynamic;
- parenchymal;
- obstructive.
This is a condition in which there is a significant slowdown or complete cessation of the elimination of the production of nitrogen metabolism. A serious effect of this pathology on the composition of the blood is noted.
Symptoms and treatment of chronic renal failure can be very different, since it is characterized by a gradually progressive condition that develops with the death of nephrons. The remaining healthy cells can not normally cope with their function. As a result of the course of the chronic stage , intoxication of the body with metabolic products is observed.
Causes of occurrence
The treatment of renal failure largely depends on the cause of this condition. There are many different provocative factors that can not only lead to acute damage to this organ, but also provoke a chronic violation of its function. The acute form mainly occurs for the following reasons:
- heart failure;
- arrhythmia;
- burns;
- ascites;
- shock state provoked by various factors;
- acute blood loss;
- prolonged diarrhea.
When conducting complex treatment, a very rapid recovery of completely lost or reduced kidney function is observed. The development of the renal form of acute failure occurs as a result of poisoning:
- mercury;
- poisonous mushrooms;
- some drugs;
- fertilizers.
In addition, a violation can occur with an increase in blood levels of myoglobin and hemoglobin, as well as squeezing tissues as a result of their injury. In some cases, this can occur with an alcoholic, narcotic coma and due to transfusion of incompatible blood. The prerenal form is formed when stones block the urinary tract. Sometimes it can be caused by prostate tumors, tuberculosis, as well as damage to the abdominal cavity.
Main symptoms
Basically, the manifestation of this condition, regardless of its shape, grows sequentially. Symptoms of acute failure appear within a few days. Basically, the clinical picture is due to the primary disease, which provoked a complete disconnection of the kidneys.
The first signs of the course of the disease include the following:
- the occurrence of drowsiness;
- lack of appetite;
- weakness;
- nausea.
Basically, these signs can be easily confused with the symptoms characteristic of the underlying disease. After this, intoxication of the body may be observed. In addition, there is a violation of the outflow of urine. With the occurrence of renal failure, symptoms appear in the form of:
- severe abdominal pain;
- diarrhea
- vomiting
- loss of appetite.
In addition, pulmonary edema may develop, which is characterized by the presence of moist rales and shortness of breath. With a severe course of the disease and the lack of adequate therapy, the patient faces a coma. The condition in some cases is complicated by bleeding, gastroenterocolitis, pericarditis.
In patients with an acute course of the disease, immunity is greatly reduced, which provokes the occurrence of stomatitis, mumps, pancreatitis, pneumonia and sepsis. If competent therapy has been carried out, then a gradual increase in urine output occurs. Within two weeks, all indicators return to normal. Complete kidney repair occurs after about six to twelve months.
With a chronic course of the violation, signs of damage to this organ increase over a long time. At the same time, there is a decrease in working capacity and the occurrence of weakness. Slight dry mouth, strong and frequent urine output may be present, which can be a major cause of dehydration. With the progression of the pathological condition, such manifestations can be observed:
- nausea and vomiting;
- bitterness in the mouth;
- muscle twitching;
- itching of the skin;
- nose and stomach bleeding;
- the formation of hematomas.
The treatment of chronic renal failure is carried out comprehensively, and the doctor constantly adjusts the therapy to stop the development of the pathology or to slow its progress in order to delay the need for the patient to switch to hemodialysis.
Diagnostics
The treatment of renal failure necessarily begins with a diagnosis that will help determine the stage of the course of the disease and the peculiarity of the pathology. Diagnostic measures include visual examination of the patient, sampling of blood and urine tests, as well as ultrasound. An increase in the blood of nitrogenous substances and potassium indicates the course of the disease. However, a decrease in urine output may be observed.
In addition, a kidney biopsy may be required. This procedure implies that a small piece of tissue is removed from the affected organ of the patient, which is then carefully examined under a microscope.
Often the problem is accompanied by neurological disorders and a deterioration in cerebral circulation. It is very important to make a correct diagnosis in a timely manner and choose methods for treating renal failure that will help get rid of the pathological condition.
Treatment feature
Treatment for renal failure in men and women is to eliminate the underlying disease. It is very important to restore the disruption of the functioning of this body. The doctor selects one of the areas of therapy, in particular, such as:
- antibacterial treatment;
- detoxification therapy;
- hormonal drugs;
- replenishment of a lack of fluid.
If the patient has chronic renal failure, treatment should be carried out in such a way that the main factor provoking the formation of the pathological process can be eliminated. In addition, the removal of accumulated toxic substances is required. A properly selected diet is of great importance.
Diuretics are used to reduce puffiness, while vitamins and iron supplements help get rid of anemia. At the last stage, the treatment of renal failure with drugs is no longer carried out. In this case, the patient is transferred to hemodialysis. This procedure is performed two to three times a week.
An alternative to lifelong hemodialysis is a kidney transplant. However, it is worth remembering that this should be done only until the last stage of the disease has begun, since if the irreversible processes of the internal organs occur, it will no longer be possible to operate the patient. If the operation is successful and the transplanted organ takes root well, then the person has every chance of a full recovery.
Acute failure treatment
Depending on the symptoms of renal failure in women, treatment with tablets is aimed at eliminating the primary factor that provoked the development of the disorder. Traumatic shock is eliminated by the introduction of painkillers, the treatment of wounds, including surgically.
When hemorrhagic shock occurs, certain actions are required to replenish the body with blood. For this, certain blood substitutes are administered intravenously, as well as a blood transfusion. With the nephrotic form of the course of the disease, actions are aimed at eliminating toxic substances from the body. For this, gastric lavage and detoxification of the body are carried out.
Antidotes, enterosorbents and agents that promote the elimination of toxic substances are introduced. For the treatment of renal failure, the drug is administered intramuscularly several times a day, and it can also be used in the form of a solution to perform digestion.
If the problem was triggered by a sharp obstruction of the ureters, urgent surgery is required. Very often, an infectious process can develop. In this case, the treatment of renal failure with tablets implies the use of antibacterial drugs. In particular, a combination of Metronidazole and cephalosporin antibiotics is required (for example, Ceftriaxone, Klaforan, Fortum). In severe sepsis with a shock condition, therapy with the use of Meronem is indicated.
The question regarding the need for dialysis therapy in the absence of the required result from conservative treatment is decided purely individually. A similar therapy technique is shown:
- in excess of potassium concentration;
- pulmonary and cerebral edema;
- uremia and acidosis.
Procedures are carried out daily or once every two days. In this case, it is necessary to increase the amount of protein consumed with food, as well as the volume of fluid. It is worth remembering that such a technique has certain contraindications, which must be taken into account.
Treatment of rhinal insufficiency
Renal or intrarenal lesion implies complex therapy. At the very beginning of therapy, it is recommended to restore blood circulation by using drugs such as Pentoxifylline and Reopoliglukin. In addition, it is necessary to control the content of nitrogenous slag and electrolytes. It is shown that stimulation of the functioning of the kidneys by the use of such means:
- antispasmodics;
- alkalizing preparations;
- loop diuretics.
Therapy is carried out for 6 hours, during which potassium passes into the cell space.
Chronic failure treatment
The treatment of renal failure in women and men largely depends on the factors that provoked the lesion. Of great importance are long-running diseases, which as a result led to a violation. That is why, during therapy, it is necessary to achieve a stable remission of such diseases:
- hypertension;
- nephropathy;
- polycystic kidney disease;
- glomerulonephritis.
The main goal of therapy is to reduce the toxic effects of drugs on the kidneys, the functionality of which is reduced. In the chronic course of the disease, the use of corticosteroids and cytostatics is indicated. In order to prevent irreversible changes in the kidneys, you must definitely apply:
- receptor blockers;
- ACE inhibitors;
- antihypertensive drugs.
In addition, a low-protein diet is indicated. The scheme of the course of therapy, drugs and their dosage are selected by the doctor.
In each case, the symptoms manifest themselves in different ways, so the remedies are selected individually. To eliminate anemia, iron-containing preparations are indicated, with the goal of detoxification, a course of enterosorbents is shown, in particular, such as Polyphepan and Enterosgel.
With an increase in acidosis, a soda solution is administered intravenously. If the patient is concerned about painful cramps in the muscles, then this indicates a decrease in calcium levels. In this case, the doctor may prescribe Calcimin.
The use of folk remedies
Alternative treatment of renal failure helps to restore well the affected kidney tissue. The use of herbs is quite effective in the recovery phase.
Urologists recommend taking decoctions of medicinal herbs and herbal preparations after a previous acute stage of the disease. Alternative treatment of renal failure is well suited for chronic course of the violation, as it helps to prevent infection of the kidneys. Doctors recommend the use of plants with disinfectant and anti-inflammatory properties. These include herbal preparations, prepared on the basis of:
- lingonberry leaves;
- succession;
- lemon balm;
- chamomile flowers;
- dandelion;
- St. John's wort
- bearberry;
- peppermint.
You need to take them in the form of a decoction. It is worth noting that the patient may have contraindications for the treatment of renal failure with folk remedies, which is why a consultation with the attending doctor is required in advance. The effectiveness of the use of folk remedies largely depends on the stage of the course of the underlying disease, as well as the degree of complexity. Any renal pathology requires careful attention to conducting therapy and adherence to preventive measures.
Depending on the symptoms of renal failure, folk remedies are selected separately for each patient. In addition, the characteristics of the human body, as well as how the disease proceeds, and whether there are any complications are taken into account. With kidney diseases, a remedy such as echinacea helps well. You can use any part of the plant for the preparation of alcohol tinctures.
The infusion prepared on the basis of burdock root is popular. To do this, crushed raw materials need to be poured with boiling water and left overnight so that it is well infused. Then strain and drink throughout the day in small sips.
Rosehips, which are used in the form of infusion or decoction, help well. When using folk remedies, you need to take into account the amount of fluid you drink throughout the day, since otherwise an overdose and poisoning are possible.
Dieting
The treatment of renal failure at home implies not only the use of medications and folk remedies, but also a special diet. It is developed by a doctor and is based on strict adherence to principles, in particular, such as:
- protein limitation;
- consumption of the required amount of vitamins;
- calorie calculation;
- control of salt and water;
- phosphate reduction.
By limiting the amount of protein food you can reduce the amount of urea. Basically, the diet should contain protein in the form of meat and eggs. In your daily diet you need to provide enough calories, so you need foods rich in fats and carbohydrates. The menu should include cereals, potatoes, vegetables. Vegetable and milk fats help to increase energy value.
Possible complications
Renal failure itself is a very serious disease, and in addition to it, it can also provoke a variety of complications. The most serious consequences include the following conditions:
- dystrophy;
- stomatitis;
- anemia;
- internal bleeding;
- myocarditis;
- pulmonary edema;
- decreased immunity.
Various neurological disorders may also develop. Patients often experience some inhibition, confusion, loss of orientation in space. Older people may develop neuropathy due to insufficiency.
Prophylaxis
Renal failure is a very dangerous condition, which is why it is important to carry out prophylaxis in a timely manner in order to prevent a significant deterioration in well-being and complications. Preventive measures include the exclusion of alcohol, drugs and smoking.
It is necessary to pay attention to the occurrence of problems with the kidneys in a timely manner. . , , .
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