In the urologist's office, there are frequent cases when patients complain that the urine does not completely exit the bladder. Moreover, both women and men can suffer from such a nuisance. Doctors call this phenomenon residual urine - the fluid that remains in the body, despite the efforts of a person to completely empty. At the same time, 50 ml is already considered a significant volume, although in especially severe cases the “unnecessary weight” reaches the limit of several liters.
Symptoms
It is not surprising that the main complaint of people with this disorder indicates incomplete emptying of the bladder. There may be several reasons for concern: a weak “signal” to go to the toilet, a process that stretches over several stages, as well as muscle tension and the application of effort to ensure that the desired act takes place. In this case, patients may not feel any other discomfort. But doctors are sure that even these seemingly minor problems should be an occasion for a visit to the clinic. After all, they lead to a number of serious and serious complications.
Chronic
urinary retention provokes impaired renal function - this is easy to detect thanks to isotopic renography. As a result, pyelonephritis, diverticulum,
urolithiasis, cystitis, or any other disease develop. If a person has chills, fever and severe back pain, then doctors may suspect urosepsis. In the body, it can occur in a malignant form, as evidenced by toxic changes in the blood - high leukocytosis, for example.
Most common causes
Based on the above facts, we can make an absolutely logical conclusion: urine does not completely exit the bladder when the body "eats" the disease - chronic or acute. There are many factors leading to the problem:
- Mechanical causes are diseases of the genitourinary system and kidney infections. For example, trauma to these organs, the presence of tumor formations on them, as well as prostate cancer, adenoma, phimosis, and the presence of stones.
- Diseases of the nervous system: injuries to the spinal cord or brain, tumors, myelitis, and so on.
- Drug intoxication. It is diagnosed when the patient has been taking narcotic drugs or sleeping pills for a long time.
The most common cause of urinary retention in men is adenoma. The problem arises when the blood rushes strongly to this organ. The acute form is caused by severe hypothermia, alcohol abuse, a sedentary lifestyle, and digestive tract disorders.
Some more factors ...
But this is not all the reasons that people complain about, noticing in themselves the residual urine and pain when the bladder is empty. It happens that the problem arises against a background of a fracture of the pelvic bones and an urethral injury - in most cases among the stronger sex. Less commonly, such discomfort is a consequence of a disorder of the nervous regulation of the muscular membrane of the bladder or the defective work of the sphincters of this organ. Hemorrhages in the spinal cord, compression of the vertebrae, etc. can lead to it.
Acute urinary retention often has a reflex character. That is, it is observed in a person in the first few days after he underwent surgery on the pelvic organs or suffered from the influence of severe stress. Sometimes the disease is diagnosed in completely healthy people who regularly drink alcohol. Alcoholics develop atony of the cystic muscle - a weakening of the walls of the bladder, as a result of which the patient cannot fully control the act of emptying.
Varieties of urinary retention
This disorder can be of two types. When urine does not completely exit the bladder, doctors diagnose a complete or incomplete delay. The first involves the patient's desire to go to the toilet, in which the body can not allocate even a drop of liquid. Such people have been releasing urine from an organ for years through an catheter. With a partial liquid exit, they say that the act began, but for some reason it was not completed until the end. Usually, a nuisance occurs against the background of the above diseases. Once the problem is fixed, the process will recover. If you do not take the necessary measures on time, the delay may become chronic.
Frequent emptying of the bladder without its complete emptying leads to stretching of the walls of the organ. This, in turn, provokes the appearance of another nuisance - the inability to retain fluid in the middle of the body. At first, a person loses a few drops, after some time he is not able to completely control the process - urination occurs anywhere under different conditions. Such a phenomenon is called paradoxical ishuria.
Other forms
A disorder called residual urine is sometimes associated with rather unusual factors. For example, there is a peculiar form of delay, which is characterized by a sudden interruption of the process with the ability to continue it. The patient begins to empty normally, but the act suddenly stops. Often the cause is a stone located in the ureter. When the body position changes, manipulation resumes. Doctors say that some patients with urolithiasis can only go to the toilet in one pose - sitting, squatting, sideways.
Delayed emptying can be accompanied by hematuria - the presence of blood in the liquid. Sometimes it can be seen with the naked eye: urine acquires a pinkish or brown hue. If the presence of blood is too small to notice, the liquid is taken for analysis, where it is analyzed and drawn conclusions under a microscope. By the way, experienced urologists can detect urinary retention even with a routine examination. In such patients, a swelling is provoked in the lower abdomen, provoked by the presence of an incompletely empty bladder.
How to help the patient?
If the urine does not completely exit the bladder, a person needs urgent medical advice. An acute form of organ dysfunction requires emergency assistance. Typically, such people have a catheter inserted for normal emptying. For these purposes, the outer opening of the channel is treated and disinfected, after which a rubber tube gently dipped in generously moistened with petroleum jelly or glycerin is carefully inserted into it. The tweezers regulate the movement of the catheter, securing it in the urethra. The procedure is carried out progressively - 2 centimeters, without rush and sudden movements.
If the cause of the problem in the patient is urolithiasis or prostatitis, then the manipulation is not carried out. In these cases, the presence of a rubber tube in the organ can lead to serious complications. A catheter can be placed on an ongoing basis. In this case, the procedure is carried out by a urologist, prescribing antibiotics after it in order to avoid the development of inflammatory processes. The patient himself can insert a temporary rubber tube directly to himself before the act of emptying. But before that, he should consult a doctor.
Treatment
The feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder is rather unpleasant. To get rid of him forever, you must first remove the cause that caused the problem. Have a full examination by a qualified urologist. Having consulted with a nephrologist, gynecologist and oncologist if necessary, he will diagnose the disease and take measures for its treatment. Oddly enough, the hardest thing to heal reflex delays, as they are psychological in nature. Here, sessions of psychotherapy help, as well as such simple manipulations as irrigating the genitals with warm water or the operation of a water tap during urination.
Remember that incomplete emptying can be a concern throughout life. In this case, they talk about relapse. Moreover, it occurs in cases where the patient picks up a urinary tract infection. Therefore, it is so important to take care of your health and sound the alarm at the slightest manifestations of discomfort. Self-medication is extremely dangerous and often leads to serious consequences and serious complications.