Diastolic hypertension: causes, treatment methods

In recent years, experts have recorded an increase in the number of diseases of the heart and blood vessels. External and internal negative factors lead to this. Diastolic hypertension is a severe combined disruption of the heart and blood vessels, which is dangerous with complications and the possibility of death.

General Description of the Disease

Diastolic hypertension is a pathological condition in which the upper pressure indicator remains normal, and the lower rises more than 90 mm Hg. In the early stages of the development of the disease, its symptoms may be invisible, so the patient does not consult a doctor. However, pathology at this time continues to develop.

Isolated diastolic hypertension is dangerous complications. If you start therapy in time, then you can overcome the disease. In this case, the patient will have to change his lifestyle and take the medications prescribed by the doctor. Medication can be lifelong. With age, the risk of developing hypertension increases.

The main danger of this pathology is that the heart is constantly in a state of tension and does not relax. An organ hemodynamic disorder occurs. In the walls of the vessels, changes begin, making them less flexible.

Upper (systolic) and lower (diastolic) pressure are interconnected. The first indicator is more important, so patients do not always pay attention to the second, which is a common mistake.

If pathology is rare, and the body is still young, then the likelihood of complications is extremely small (in the absence of severe concomitant diseases). A constant increase in pressure in people over 45 yields negative consequences in 80% of cases. If both indicators increase simultaneously, then the risk of developing a heart attack or stroke increases.

Reasons for the appearance

Diastolic hypertension can develop for a long time. There are such negative factors provoking its appearance:

• Genetic predisposition (the risk is higher if one of the relatives had this problem).
• Diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
• Diabetes.
• The presence of atherosclerotic plaques in the vessels.
• Violations of the functionality of the endocrine system.
• Problems with the work of the kidneys (fluid retention in the body) and the liver.
• Thyroid disease.

Diastolic arterial hypertension often develops in people with obesity, low level of motor activity, bad habits. Unhealthy diet, excessive physical activity (sports training), constant stress or emotional stress can provoke pathology. The state of health is affected by a lack of sleep, the intake of certain medications.

Low blood density, age-related changes, as well as loss of vascular tone can also cause diastolic hypertension.

Severity and types of pathology

The intensity of the signs of the disease depends on how severe the damage to the heart is. Isolated diastolic hypertension has the following severity levels:

1. In this case, the pressure indicator is below 100 mm Hg. Here the symptoms are weak, so a person does not go to the doctor. Only malaise and general weakness appear. Pain is present in rare cases, the patient begins to tire faster.
2. The second degree is characterized by an increase in lower pressure to 110 mm Hg. A person’s condition worsens noticeably, headaches, shortness of breath appear. Light antihypertensive drugs can eliminate discomfort.
3. The third degree of severity. Here the diastolic pressure ranges from 110-120 mm. Hg In this case, conservative therapy is indispensable.
4. The most difficult situation is when the pressure level rises to 130 mmHg. and more. If medical care was not provided on time, then at this stage irreversible processes begin in the body, the risk of complications and death is increased.

As for the varieties of the disease, they are as follows:

1. Stable systolic-diastolic hypertension. It is characterized by a persistent constant increase in pressure. A person will have to take drugs for a long time, as well as lead a healthy lifestyle.
2. Labile diastolic hypertension. It occurs in 30% of all cases. Here a short-term jump in pressure occurs under the influence of negative factors.

Such a disease develops for a long time. But if you start timely treatment, you can avoid the chronization of the process.

Symptoms of the disease

Systolic-diastolic arterial hypertension is not always pronounced. but if the pathological process has gone too far, then the patient has such signs:

• Constant fatigue, general weakness, decreased vitality, muscle weakness.
• Performance degradation.
• Problems falling asleep and sleeping in general.
• Headache, dizziness.
• Increased irritability, nervous irritability.
• Noise in ears.

If the lower limit of pressure has risen to 100 mmHg, then a person may experience nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, sharp pain in the chest area, and a heartbeat will increase. Blood can come from the nose.

Pathology diagnostics

Systolic-diastolic hypertension is a difficult and dangerous disease. At its first manifestations, it is necessary to consult a doctor and be fully examined. Diagnostics includes the following activities:

1. History taking. The doctor must find out whether such pathologies were in the relatives of the subject, as well as record his complaints. The specialist also measures blood pressure and heart rate.
2. General and biochemical analysis of blood. It will help to find out if there are any inflammatory processes in the body, its general condition.
3. Urinalysis to determine the functionality of the excretory system and kidneys.
4. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography. In the first case, the study establishes the rhythm of the heart, and in the second, the physiological features of the structure of the heart muscle.
5. Daily Holter monitoring of the organ. A special miniature cardiomonitor clings to the patient’s hand, which records all changes in heart rate for 24 hours. In this case, the patient should record any situations that could potentially cause a pressure surge and pulse acceleration.
6. Assessment of the fundus.

It is also necessary to take a blood sugar test to determine your predisposition to diabetes. This disease negatively affects the blood vessels, which is why it also causes an increase in pressure.

General principles of treatment

If diastolic hypertension develops, treatment should be carried out comprehensively. Mandatory is drug therapy, folk remedies and maintaining the right lifestyle. General principles of therapy are as follows:

1. Compliance with the dosages of medications prescribed by your doctor. You can’t change them yourself or refuse to take medications.
2. Do not use medicines on your own, as they can further worsen the condition of the patient.
3. More walk in the fresh air.
4. Do morning exercises, perform physical exercises that are feasible.
5. Eat properly.
6. Refuse alcohol, smoking.

Only careful adherence to recommendations will help restore normal pressure. If the patient ignores these tips, then his condition will gradually worsen.

With a hypertensive crisis, before the arrival of doctors, you can provide the patient with first aid. To do this, it should be placed face down on the stomach, and fix a cold compress on the neck. After half an hour, it can be removed, and oil or cream is applied to this place. Massage the neck area without pressure.

Conservative treatment

If the diagnosis of "diastolic hypertension" is established, the causes are accurately established, and the pathology has a moderate or severe degree of development, then the treatment will be carried out in a hospital. If there are problems with the aortic valve, an operation to replace it may be necessary.

The treatment of diastolic hypertension with drugs is prescribed by the therapist and cardiologist. Funds are selected individually. Drug therapy should be comprehensive and include several groups of drugs:

1. Diuretics: Furosemide, Diuver.
2. ACE inhibitors: Captopril, Benazepril. These drugs block the action of an enzyme that causes a change in blood pressure.
3. Beta Adenoblockers: Carvediol. These drugs reduce the heart's need for oxygen. They also dilate blood vessels well, which contributes to a rapid decrease in pressure. Even this type of drug reduces plasma glucose. It is not possible to buy adenoblockers on your own in a pharmacy, since they are sold strictly according to a prescription.
4. Calcium channel blockers: "Nifedipine" "Verapamil". They are allowed to be used only with severe symptoms. They are shown if urgent relief of a hypertensive crisis is necessary.
5. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: Losartan.

All medicines are prohibited to use on their own. Be sure to consult a doctor. Drugs should be taken regularly.

Alternative methods of therapy

In the early stages of the development of the disease, folk remedies can stop it. But they must be used in conjunction with medications. But before using medicinal plants, it must be borne in mind that some of them can produce the opposite effect.

The first herbs on the list for diastolic hypertension are valerian and motherwort. The first plant has a calming effect, eliminates increased irritability and anxiety. Motherwort is considered an effective diuretic. Other herbs will also be beneficial. With an increase in lower pressure, you can use these recipes:

1. Motherwort. It takes 20 g of grass to pour 300 ml of hot water. To insist will take 15-20 minutes. Take the drug is required 100 ml three times a day.
2. Valerian. You need to steam 10 g of the root of the plant with a glass of boiling water. The mixture should be insisted for about 8 hours, so it is better to brew the medicine for the night. It should be taken 10 ml 3 times a day. Drink fluids before meals.
3. Composition of herbs. It is necessary to connect 1 tbsp. l sage, motherwort, oregano, St. John's wort. All components must be thoroughly mixed and filled with 2 cups of hot water. After 30 minutes, the liquid is filtered and consumed half a cup a day. The course of therapy is 1 month. This composition effectively normalizes pressure, relaxes the nervous system.
4. Peony tincture. You can buy it at the pharmacy. This tool removes muscle spasm.
5. Cedar cones. You need 3 cones (without crushing) put in a glass container and pour 0.5 liters of quality vodka. Additionally, 10 pieces of refined sugar, 1 tbsp. l tinctures of valerian (sold at the pharmacy). It takes 10 days to insist. Keep tincture in a dark place. It is used for 1 tbsp. l before going to bed.
6. Raw sunflower seeds. It takes 2 cups of raw material to fill with 2 liters of water at room temperature. Next, the mixture must be cooked on low heat for 2 hours. After the broth has cooled, it needs to be filtered, and the entire volume drunk per day, dividing it 100 ml each. If you take the fluid regularly, then the blood pressure quickly normalizes.
7. Beetroot juice. It should be consumed raw, mixed with honey or water (in a ratio of 1: 1). However, you need to drink it carefully for those people who are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, gout, pathology of the excretory and digestive systems.

Pomegranate juice has a good hypotensive effect. It should be drunk 0.5 liters per day. But to refuse such treatment will be necessary for those patients who are diagnosed with pancreatitis or have increased acidity of gastric juice.

Complications of the disease

If the causes of diastolic hypertension are identified, treatment should be started immediately. Otherwise, the patient is threatened by such complications:

• Sustained renal failure.
• Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta.
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage in the brain (stroke).
• Change in blood circulation.
• Heart attack.
• Blockage of blood vessels.
• Hypertensive encephalopathy.
• Constantly elevated pressure negatively affects vision: clarity worsens, conjunctival inflammation develops.
• Attacks of angina pectoris.
• Persistent mental decline (dementia).

Each of these complications is dangerous not only for health, but also for life, so you can not delay with a visit to a doctor.

Preventive measures

To avoid systolic-diastolic arterial hypertension, it is necessary to observe the following recommendations of specialists:

1. Eat properly. From the diet, it is necessary to exclude any fatty dishes, as they contribute to the formation of cholesterol plaques that violate the general blood circulation. It is also worth abandoning alcohol, strong coffee and tea, fried foods. Food is best cooked or steamed. A person will have to limit the use of sweets and flour products, but the content of vegetables and fruits in the diet needs to be increased.
2. Moderate physical activity. A person with heart disease is shown running, swimming, cycling. If it is not possible to play sports, just walk at least 40 minutes a day.
3. Limit the daily amount of salt to 5 g. If the patient has edema, then this amount must be reduced to 3 g.
4. Keep track of weight. People with obesity have additional problems with blood vessels, the heart has to work more, it is constantly in tension.
5. Avoid stressful situations, nervous shocks, strong emotional outbursts.
6. In time to treat any inflammatory processes in the body.

If systolo-diastolic hypertension is detected, the army is contraindicated in peacetime, if the indicators are high and keep stable. In this case, the person should be examined within 6 months. With a severe degree of pathology, military service is completely contraindicated, like any intense physical exertion. Do not bring the disease to the last stage of development, as a person's life expectancy can be significantly reduced.