In the event that when a person coughs out sputum with blood, this may indicate damage to the bronchi or lung tissue. Normally, blood should be absent. When hemoptysis is disturbing for a long time, you need to see a doctor. The cause may be a tuberculosis infection or the presence of neoplasms. Similar symptoms are mainly found in adults. So, let's find out what are the main reasons for the appearance of sputum with blood, and what treatment tactics should be.
The causes of this symptomatology
The appearance of blood when coughing is far from a common symptom among patients suffering from respiratory diseases. The following varieties of hemoptysis are distinguished:
- The true form of hemoptysis.
- Small pulmonary form.
- Median pulmonary hemoptysis.
- Profuse hemoptysis.
Traces of bloody veins may be present in sputum. Pulmonary bleeding may also occur. The causes of sputum with streaks of blood are very diverse. Doctors observe hemoptysis in the presence of the following lung diseases:
- The presence of central lung cancer.
- The development of tuberculosis.
- The appearance of pneumonia in patients.
- The appearance of a pulmonary infarction.
- Sputum with blood with bronchitis is a common occurrence.
- The development of an abscess.
- The presence of a parasitic disease.
- The appearance of open and closed lung injury.
- The development of silicosis.
- The development of hemosiderosis.
Sometimes sputum with blood happens with certain diseases of the bronchi. This category includes bronchiectasis with acute bronchitis. Other possible causes of blood expectoration are cystic fibrosis along with mitral valve stenosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, leukemia, hemophilia, sarcoidosis and endometriosis. Blood, as a rule, enters sputum from the throat, sometimes from the mouth. The cause in this situation may be bleeding gums or trauma to the tongue.
After medical manipulations
What does this mean? Sometimes coughing up blood is possible after performing medical procedures, for example, after bronchoscopy, biopsy, surgical interventions, and so on. It is not always the detection of streaks of blood in sputum indicates any disease. The cause may be the rupture of small vessels. This is possible with a strong cough. Sputum with blood may occur as a result of the use of certain medications, for example, anticoagulants.
The appearance of this symptom with tuberculosis
Sputum with blood is often a symptom of the active phase of tuberculosis. This pathology is one of the most intractable infectious diseases of the lungs. Unfortunately, the number of patients with tuberculosis is increasing every year. More than four million people die from this serious disease each year. Pathogens are mycobacteria, which are intracellular microorganisms that are highly resistant to environmental factors, and, in addition, to many antibacterial drugs.
About two billion people around the world are infected with these mycobacteria. With the effectiveness of immunity, the disease, as a rule, does not occur. The predisposing factor for the development of tuberculosis is smoking, along with hypothermia, stress, alcoholism, the presence of diabetes mellitus, and, in addition, chronic heart pathologies along with hypovitaminosis and the presence of HIV infection may be the causes. Tuberculosis is usually accompanied by the following symptoms:
- Sputum expectorated with blood.
- A slight increase in body temperature.
- The appearance of a cold.
- The appearance of wheezing in the lungs.
- Enlarged lymph nodes.
- The appearance of night sweats.
- The development of weakness and apathy.
With tuberculosis, there is sputum with streaks of blood. It can also be purulent. Often this happens in the morning. Hemoptysis with this diagnosis occurs already in the late stages of pathology. Frequent excretion of blood impurities can cause anemia. Tuberculosis, among other things, is also a contagious disease. It is able to be transmitted even in the usual airborne way.
What else can provoke sputum with blood in the morning?
Helminthic invasion as the cause of hemoptysis
In the event that a person has helminths in the body, it is likely that such sputum will be excreted. There are many different helminths. They are able to live in almost all organs, whether it be the liver, gall bladder, brain or lungs. Thus, often sputum with a bloody impurity is expectorated in people with the following diseases associated with parasites:
- The development of paragonimiasis.
- The presence of strongyloidosis.
- The appearance of echinococcosis.
- The presence of hookworm.
- The presence of trichinosis.
- The appearance of ascariasis.
Ways of infection with roundworms
Roundworms can live in the intestinal lumens, and when adverse factors appear, they migrate through the lungs, which cause injuries to this organ. Infection of people with parasites occurs orally when poorly washed foods are used or contaminated water is used. You can get infected in a contact way through the skin. Coughing in the presence of helminthiases is often dry. Additional symptoms of parasitic infections may include weight loss along with nausea, abdominal pain, wheezing in the lungs, headaches, and vomiting. It often happens that a cough disturbs patients in the morning.
There is sputum with blood with pneumonia.
Pneumonia
Blood during coughing may be released if pneumonia develops. This mainly happens when the causative agent of the disease is staphylococcus, legionella or pseudomonas. Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lung tissue. In most cases, such a disease is infectious in nature. Its prevalence among the population is equal to fifteen cases per hundred thousand people. Often, this pathology affects children. Pneumonia is very dangerous for its complications. Often it leads to the death of the patient. The appearance of blood in sputum is typical for croupous pneumonia.
The main symptoms of pneumonia
The main symptoms of this form of inflammation are coughing along with fever, weakness, shortness of breath, and chest pain. At first, the cough is dry, then it becomes more productive. In this case, sputum is released with blood. With pneumonia, she has a brick color. Symptoms of this disease usually worry a person for about two weeks. Against the background of pneumonia, a segment of the lung or its share is involved in the disease process. Often, total inflammation can develop. Pneumonia leads to complications in the form of an abscess, lung gangrene, the development of respiratory failure, endocarditis or myocarditis.
Sputum analysis is very important for making a diagnosis. In the event that there is an infectious process, then certain bacteria will be found in the sputum. In cases of suspected tuberculosis, a mantoux test is performed.
The appearance of blood sputum in cancer
Hemoptysis is one of the signs of lung cancer. This is the most formidable pathology. Like any other malignant tumors, lung cancer goes through several stages. The effectiveness of therapy largely depends on the timely diagnosis of pathology. The predisposing factors leading to the development of lung cancer are the following prerequisites:
- Smoking abuse. It does not matter if it is passive or active.
- The presence of burdened heredity.
- The presence of chronic pathologies of the lung tissue and bronchi.
- The appearance of endocrine disorders.
- The presence of harmful working conditions, for example, contact with asbestos, as well as inhalation of dust.
- Interaction with harmful chemicals, for example, with salts of heavy metals or with arsenic.
- Work at an enterprise producing coal or producing rubber.
I must say that lung cancer is much more common among men. Equally important is the pollution of the surrounding air. Such a pathology is characterized by the presence of the following symptoms:
- The appearance of cough.
- Weight loss.
- Increased sweating.
- The appearance of weakness or shortness of breath.
Sputum with blood without temperature against the background of cancer is observed very often. Blood in this case is mixed with sputum. Foamy blood may sometimes be released. In the event that the blood is fresh, it will have a red color, and coagulated is secreted in the form of dark clots. At the same time, mucus can be detected in sputum. Cough in such patients can be extremely painful, and, in addition, horseman. As the disease progresses, the symptoms increase. Often hemoptysis can be combined with shortness of breath. Against the background of the development of peripheral cancer, symptoms will be absent.
Next, we consider what diagnostic measures are carried out to determine the diagnosis in case of sputum with blood.
Diagnostic measures
Treatment is carried out only after determining the main cause of hemoptysis. Diagnostics in this case includes the following procedures:
- A detailed survey of the patient.
- Research of the general analysis of blood and urine.
- Thorough examination of the mouth and throat.
- Gastroscopy
- X-ray examination of the lungs.
- Carrying out computer and magnetic resonance imaging.
- Performing bronchoscopy.
- Microscopic examination of sputum for the presence of bacteria.
- Conducting an electrocardiogram.
- Listening to the lungs.
- Perform temperature, heart rate, and pressure measurements.
Such studies make it possible to detect infection of the patient. Sometimes they even examine the patient's sweat. This is done if you suspect the presence of cystic fibrosis. In the event that, in parallel with hemoptysis, from time to time, blood discharge is also observed from the nose, then a diagnosis of blood pathology should be carried out.
What is the treatment for sputum with blood?
Therapeutic tactics for these pathologies
Treatment for bloody sputum depends on the underlying disease. In the event that blood streaks in sputum are found in acute bronchitis, then treatment involves, first of all, maintaining rest along with heavy drinking and the use of mucolytics. Also, expectorant and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed to patients.
Sputum thinners
In order to dilute sputum, drugs such as, for example, Lazolvan along with Bromhexine and Ambrobene are used. In the event that there is chest pain, apply warming compresses. Physiotherapy is widely used. In cases of bronchial obstruction, patients are prescribed bronchodilator drugs. Against the background of bronchitis with a viral infection, antiviral drugs are prescribed in the form of Remantadine and Interferon.