Sexually transmitted diseases are quite common. The number of people going to doctors about anxiety symptoms is constantly growing. Meanwhile, the number of infertility cases associated with sexually transmitted infections is increasing. In order to prevent the development of chronic pathology of the genitourinary sphere, it is necessary to periodically take tests for the presence of diseases transmitted through sexual contact. Analyzes should be taken for preventive purposes, and not only when pathological symptoms occur.
So what diseases are sexually transmitted? What are these diseases, what are their symptoms, and how is the treatment carried out, we will describe further. Consider the most common infections.
The development of mycoplasmosis
Mycoplasmosis is a sexually transmitted disease. This pathology is caused by a group of special mycoplasma bacteria. The incubation period of the infection lasts up to five weeks. All this time, pathology does not manifest itself in any way, but a person for this period already becomes a carrier of parasites and can infect other people. After a period of incubation, a person develops symptoms of urethritis in the form of burning and pain in the urethra. Against the background of urination, mucous discharge may appear, which occurs mainly in the morning. Often, especially in women, mycoplasmosis occurs without special symptoms. Thus, the manifestations of this disease are expressed only slightly, so often patients do not attach any importance to them. Symptoms of a sexually transmitted disease are very unpleasant.
Of the possible complications in women against the background of this infection, infertility can develop along with spontaneous miscarriages and irregular menstruation. And in men, the appearance of acute and chronic prostatitis, sexual weakness and infertility including is likely.
There are examples in which, due to the low level of pathogenicity of pathogens and a good state of immunity, mycoplasma for a long time (even up to several years) does not manifest itself in any way. This condition is called the carriage of an infection, and it poses a significant danger, since a person may not suspect the presence of mycoplasma in his own body, and that he may infect another. In addition, without making itself felt, this infection creates a favorable background for the development of other diseases. Because of this, the carrier will subsequently be more susceptible to any other sexually transmitted infections.
In the event that a pregnant woman acts as a carrier of mycoplasma, there is a danger that her baby will also become infected during childbirth, when it passes through the birth canal. In more rare cases, children become infected with intrauterine mycoplasmosis, but basically the placenta protects the fetus sufficiently from such dangerous pathogens. In the absence of treatment, mycoplasmosis often becomes the main cause of spontaneous abortion.
Diagnosis and treatment of mycoplasmosis
The most reliable method for diagnosing this sexually transmitted disease is the cultural method in which the causative agent is sown on a nutrient medium. This technique has a long duration, and directly to get the result you have to wait a week or more. As methods of rapid diagnosis can use microscopic, enzyme-linked immunosorbent or molecular biological methods.
The material for diagnosis is primarily the discharge along with scraping from the urethra in this sexually transmitted disease. In men, the secret of the prostate gland is examined. If necessary, urine and a throat swab are examined. Antibacterial therapy is used to treat this infection along with immunomodulatory procedures.
Chlamydia infection
Among sexually transmitted diseases, chlamydia is considered the most common pathology that occurs in 20% of all cases. It is characterized, first of all, by the defeat of the genitourinary system, and, in addition, by the presence of distant symptoms. In total, two types of chlamydia are distinguished. The first type usually affects animals with birds, and in humans causes an infectious disease called ornithosis. The second species is called Latin clamidia trachomatis, about 15 of its subtypes are known, some of them cause trachoma along with venereal lymphogranulomatosis. Two of these fifteen varieties of chlamydia affect the human urogenital system, causing urogenital chlamydia.
Chlamydia is called intracellular parasites, which by their properties occupy an intermediate position between bacteria and viruses. In this regard, chlamydia is still diagnosed and treated with great difficulty compared to conventional bacterial infections. Often, a combination of chlamydia with various infections of the genitourinary system is noted. For example, it is often combined with trichomoniasis and ureaplasmosis.
The incubation period lasts usually two weeks. Chlamydia can occur in subacute, chronic and acute form. Against the background of the disease with chlamydia, patients notice a vitreous discharge in the morning, and itching with unpleasant sensations during urination is also noted. Without treatment, after some time, the symptoms of the disease completely disappear, after which it acquires a chronic form. Symptoms of a sexually transmitted disease are difficult to recognize in this case.
The main danger of chlamydia lies in its complications. In women, this infection causes inflammatory pathologies of the uterus and ovaries. Against the background of this infection, obstruction of the fallopian tubes often develops. In men, chlamydia affects the prostate and seminal vesicles, causing chronic prostatitis along with vesiculitis. Then the chronic process can spread to the epididymis, which can provoke male infertility. In addition to all sorts of complications affecting the genital area, chlamydia can cause damage to the eyes, joints, spine and internal organs.
How is sexually transmitted disease treated?
Chlamydia Treatment
Diagnosis of chlamydia is very difficult compared to conventional bacterial infections. The simplest diagnostic methods provide accuracy not higher than 40%. The most accurate way to determine chlamydia today is to carry out an immunofluorescence reaction using labeled antibodies.
Treatment of chlamydia is a very complex and time-consuming process. Necessarily required to conduct treatment at once for both partners. In addition to the course of antibacterial treatment, the treatment of this disease necessarily includes immunomodulating procedures. Also, such patients need to normalize their lifestyle along with diet, abandonment of sexual activity during the treatment period, and so on.
At the end of the course, control tests are taken. In the event that chlamydia is not detected, then tests will need to be passed a couple more times a month later. Only after that it will be possible to verify the effectiveness of the treatment. It is worth emphasizing that a disease such as chlamydia is much easier to avoid than subsequently cured.
What other diseases are sexually transmitted?
Infection with genital mycosis
Against the background of this infection, the mucous membranes and the skin of the genitourinary organs are affected. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is the most common mycosis in women. Candidiasis is caused by Candida yeast. This infection can be provoked by the prolonged and uncontrolled use of antibiotics, hormonal contraceptives, and it is also caused by cancer and infectious diseases along with radiation therapy. All these factors, as a rule, contribute to a decrease in the stability of the female body, altering the healthy microbiocenosis of the vagina and destroying the barrier mechanisms that block the reproduction of fungi. Yeast-like fungi can enter the genital tract from the intestines, and, in addition, through household items and through infection through sexual contact.
Often sexually transmitted sexually transmitted diseases acquire a chronic course that is immune to the treatment. This can be explained by the deep penetration of fungi into the multilayered epithelium of the genital tract, where they can stay and reproduce for a long time, being absolutely protected from the action of drugs.
Candidiasis vulvovaginitis is very common in pregnant women due to a change in their hormonal status, and, in addition, due to increased susceptibility to all kinds of infections. Against the background of fungal infections, women mainly complain of itching and burning in the genital area. An increase in whitewash with an unpleasant odor is also noted.
Which tests for sexually transmitted diseases?
Diagnosis and treatment of genital mycosis
Diagnosis of candidiasis is carried out by well-known laboratory methods, for example, using microscopy, PCR and so on. Treatment of this disease should be comprehensive. In its framework, the use of antibacterial ointments is necessary along with the internal intake of various drugs. Vitamin therapy with immunostimulating drugs is also often used.
Sexually transmitted sexually transmitted diseases should be detected in a timely manner.
Bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis is a disease in which not lactobacilli predominate in the vagina, but a complex of various microbes and gardnerella. In healthy women, lactobacilli are present in the vagina along with non-pathogenic corynebacteria and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Violation of the ratio of bacteria under the influence of certain factors leads to the clinical manifestation of infectious processes in the vagina, that is, to vaginitis and vaginosis. The displacement by one species of bacteria of other members of the microbial communities leads to the appearance of clinical symptoms of vaginitis.
The main complaint in this sexually transmitted disease in women is the occurrence of liquid secretions with an extremely unpleasant odor, and some discomfort may also be felt. Against the background of the long-running process of selection, as a rule, they acquire a greenish color.
Bacterial vaginosis is often found in pregnant women. The fact is that against the background of pregnancy, under the influence of hormones, the vaginal mucosa changes, the acidity level decreases, which in turn creates extremely favorable conditions for the numerical increase of some pathogenic microorganisms.
How to get rid of this female sexually transmitted disease?
Diagnosis and treatment of pathology
Diagnosis of this infection is carried out using a blood test for sexually transmitted diseases, as well as well-known laboratory methods. Thus, smears, scrapings and the like are taken. It is very important that the examination is conducted for both sexual partners at once.
During the treatment of bacterial vaginitis, it is important to abandon sexual activity, and, in addition, from the use of alcoholic beverages. In parallel, the correction of the general state of health is carried out, attention is paid to increasing immunity and general resistance of the body. Also, antibiotic therapy is used as part of the treatment, general anti-inflammatory measures are carried out.
Fatal sexually transmitted diseases: HIV, syphilis.
HIV
Immunodeficiency of the body - the last, deadly stage of this disease is called AIDS. Viruses in the body can develop in a latent form, more slowly or rapidly. Tumors, multifocal infections caused by simple bacteria and fungi manifest in the body. They may not affect a healthy person, but are deadly for an infected person.
A healthy person has a strong immune system, a sick body has a weakened immune system, which is not able to fight infection. AIDS cannot be cured. It is possible to support the immune system with special preparations and medicines, but the cost of such treatment is very high. Routes of transmission: during unprotected intercourse, through blood and syringes, in some cases from mother to child.
Syphilis
STD, which is caused by microorganisms of a pale triponema. A person with syphilis, the first month does not even know about his illness. The incubation period of the virus is about 30-35 days. The disease manifests itself on the skin in the form of eczema, spots, purulent wounds. Further affects the internal organs, mucous membranes, nervous system and bones.
Papillomavirus infection
The human papillomavirus is dangerous in that it serves as a predisposing factor for the development of precancerous genital diseases. It can also cause squamous cell carcinoma. Genital papillomavirus infection is a disease that is transmitted through sexual contact. Recently, the frequency of papillomavirus lesions of the larynx and bronchi among children has increased, which is considered as a result of infection of women during pregnancy. It is also possible to transfer this infection directly from parents to children.
The incubation period of the pathology lasts up to nine months. Against the background of this infection, people have visible warty lesions and genital warts, which can degenerate into carcinomas and lead to ovarian and uterine cancer.
The causes of infection with this infection are usually as follows:
- Early onset of sexual activity.
- Excessive number of sexual partners.
- The presence of partners who have sex with a woman with cervical cancer.
- Also, this disease can be provoked by syphilis, smoking, alcohol, endometriosis, vitamin deficiency and so on.
Against the background of pregnancy, this disease can significantly progress. It is believed that this infection is introduced into the female body as a result of changes in immunity. During pregnancy, condylomas can increase significantly, reaching large sizes, although they often regress immediately after childbirth.
Treatment and diagnosis of papillomavirus infection
Forms of this disease usually do not manifest themselves clinically, they can be detected only by colposcopy, and, in addition, through cytological examination. A spontaneous cure for this infection is not possible. In this regard, genital warts need to be removed regardless of their size and position.
Methods of treatment are cryotherapy along with the use of a laser and electrocoagulation. Compulsory combination therapy of both partners, taking into account concomitant pathologies, is mandatory.
Trichomoniasis
In gynecological practice, trichomonas vulvovaginitis is most often detected. Vaginal trichomonas is often found in association with mycoplasmas, chlamydia, gonococcus and fungi.
Trichomoniasis is also one of the sexually transmitted infections. Moreover, trichomoniasis takes first place in prevalence. Almost one third of patients' visits to doctors regarding infections are due to infection with Trichomonas. The causative agent of this infection is a mobile unicellular microorganism, which belongs to the class of protozoa. Nowadays, over fifty species of trichomonads are known, but only three species are parasitic in the human body, namely, oral, urogenital, and intestinal microorganisms.
In women, the main habitat of trichomonads is the vagina, and in men it is the prostate gland along with seminal vesicles. The urethra can be affected in both sexes. Trichomonads can be fixed on the epithelial cells of the genital mucosa, penetrating into various glands and gaps. Infection is possible from a sick person. Women who have multiple sexual partners, as a rule, suffer from trichomoniasis four times more often than those who have only one man. The incubation period can be up to one year.
Signs of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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It is very important to purchase high-quality, and at the same time certified condoms, which have a normal shelf life. Condoms should be bought exclusively at pharmacies. They, as a rule, help to protect themselves from large microorganisms, for example, from gonococci, treponema and the like. But it should be borne in mind that infections such as papillomavirus, along with herpes and cytomegalovirus can penetrate even through latex, due to its microscopic size. Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases is very important.
In this regard, against the background of casual contacts, people need additional methods of preventing the ingress of all kinds of infections that can be transmitted sexually. The options for emergency infection prevention include treating the genitals with antiseptic drugs, such as, for example, Betadine along with Miramistin, Chlorhexidine or Tsidipol.
Women can administer a suitable drug directly into the vagina in the form of suppositories. In parallel with a solution of antiseptic drugs, it is necessary to process the external genital organs, hips and pubis. As for men, they are given the medicine in the form of a 5% solution in the area of โโthe urethra. And already the external genitalia with the pubis are treated with a 10% solution of an antiseptic. After the procedure, for two hours, complete abstinence from urination is required.
It should be noted that the above measures with the use of antiseptic agents should be taken immediately after sexual contact. Or at least itโs important to disinfect no later than four hours later.
We reviewed a list of sexually transmitted diseases.