To better understand why the consequences of myocardial infarction are so serious, let's figure out what this is a serious illness that becomes younger from year to year and takes more and more lives. What triggers the appearance of dangerous symptoms?
Myocardial infarction - consequences of atherosclerosis
Before myocardial infarction occurs , there is a violation of blood supply in the muscle layer of the heart as a result of blockage of blood vessels, which, in turn, leads to the necrosis of these tissues. This pathology requires urgent treatment, otherwise its consequences will lead not only to disability, but also to death.
The main cause of these disorders is atherosclerosis, a disease of the coronary arteries that feed the heart muscle. It manifests itself in a narrowing of the lumen of the blood vessels, and this, in turn, leads to a chronic lack of oxygen in that part of the heart muscle that they feed. At the time of pulsation, the deformed arteries that have lost their elasticity can crack, which triggers the formation of a blood clot. It closes the lumen completely, and the tissue that has lost nutrition begins to die, giving an impetus to acute myocardial infarction.
Myocardial infarction: causes and consequences of the disease
According to bitter statistics, about half of people who have had a heart attack die within the first hours. All this happens because the disease affects the whole body in the most severe way. A scar is formed in the surviving tissue necrosis site of the heart, due to which the heart muscle can never function as productively as before.
The transferred heart attack creates foci of intracardiac conduction disturbances, causing malfunctions in the rhythm of the heart. The appearance of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation in the future can cause acute heart failure.
There are other, no less severe pathologies caused by a heart attack.
The consequences of myocardial infarction - pulmonary edema and cardiac asthma
Against the background of a heart attack in connection with a violation of pressure in the left ventricle of the heart, so-called left ventricular failure forms, which entails an increase in pressure in the vessels of the lungs and the release of blood from them into the lung tissue. All this provokes pulmonary edema, causing an attack of suffocation in the patient.
The consequences of myocardial infarction - rupture of the heart and obstruction of the pulmonary artery
Heart rupture is the rarest consequence of this disease, and mortality in it is 100%. It occurs in the early days of a heart attack, manifested by severe pain, not amenable to the action of analgesics, and a picture of cardiogenic shock. Cardiac tamponade causes it to stop quickly, which entails death.
An equally serious consequence is a blockage in the pulmonary artery caused by a blood clot that enters it from the right ventricle of the heart. Blockage also leads to instant death.
The consequences of myocardial infarction - disruption of the internal organs
Due to circulatory disorders during a heart attack, paresis of the digestive tract, ulcers and erosion of its mucous membrane, as well as atony of the bladder can occur. All these diseases are called abdominal syndrome and develop in the acute period of myocardial infarction.
No less frequent are mental disorders more characteristic of older people. They are manifested by depression, followed by euphoria and are associated with hypoxia and thrombosis of cerebral vessels, arising from a heart attack.